Inferences
What is an inference?
A smart guess based on text evidence and what you already know.
What is a simile?
A comparison using “like” or “as.”
What should always be capitalized in a sentence?
The first word and proper nouns.
Passage:
First, you crack the eggs into a bowl. Next, you mix them with milk. Then, you pour the mixture into a pan to cook.
Question: What is the text structure?
Sequence (steps in order)
Question: What is the best definition of context clues?
Words or sentences around an unknown word that help you figure out its meaning.
You read: “Maria grabbed her umbrella and raincoat before leaving.” What can you infer?
It is probably raining or will rain.
Identify the figurative language: “The classroom was a zoo.”
Metaphor.
Fix this sentence: “we went to san francisco in june.”
We went to San Francisco in June.
Passage:
Some animals, like bears, hibernate during the winter. This helps them survive when food is hard to find.
Question: What is the text structure?
Cause and effect
Passage:
“Liam was ecstatic when he found out school was canceled.”
What does ecstatic most likely mean?
Very happy/excited
What two things do you need to make a strong inference?
Text evidence and prior knowledge.
What does the phrase “It’s raining cats and dogs” mean?
It is raining very heavily.
What punctuation belongs at the end of a question sentence?
A question mark.
Passage:
Dogs and cats are both popular pets. Dogs are usually more active, while cats are often more independent.
Question: What is the text structure?
Compare and contrast
Question: What is the author’s purpose of a text that gives facts about volcanoes?
To inform
A character is smiling, skipping, and hugging friends after school. What can you infer and what evidence supports it?
The character is happy; evidence includes smiling, skipping, and hugging.
Identify and explain: “Her smile was as bright as the sun.”
Simile; it means her smile is very bright.
Explain why this is incorrect: “i saw my friend and she was happy.”
I should be capitalized and you need a comma before the conjunction (and).
I saw my friend, and she was happy.
Passage:
Pollution is a major problem in many cities. One way to reduce pollution is by using public transportation. Another solution is reducing plastic use.
Question: What is the text structure?
Problem and solution
Question: What is the theme of a story where a character works hard, fails many times, but finally succeeds?
Perseverance leads to success / never give up
A student reads a passage about a boy who forgets his lunch, sits alone at recess, and avoids eye contact. What inference can you make and what details support it?
He is probably feeling sad or embarrassed; evidence includes sitting alone and avoiding eye contact.
What type of figurative language is used: “The wind whispered through the trees,” and what does it mean?
Personification; it means the wind is blowing softly.
Correct and explain the punctuation: “wow that was amazing said jake”
“Wow, that was amazing,” said Jake. It needs quotation marks, a comma, and capitalization.
Passage:
In 1849, many people moved to California during the Gold Rush. They traveled long distances and faced many hardships along the way.
Question: What is the text structure?
Chronological order (historical sequence)
Passage:
Maya wanted to join the school play, but she was nervous. She practiced every day after school, even when she made mistakes. On opening night, she performed confidently and was proud of herself.
What lesson does the reader learn from this passage? Use evidence.
Hard work and practice help build confidence and lead to success. Evidence: she practiced every day and improved by opening night.