Weather and Erosion
What is the name of the process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by natural processes such as wind or water.
Erosion
Order Earth's layers from outermost to innermost.
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.
What is the name of a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined?
Mixture
What do plate tectonics describe?
The movement of the Earth's crustal plates.
What are the three main types of rocks?
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
Name one way that weathering can change rocks over time.
Break down rocks into smaller pieces through:
1. freezing and thawing
2. plants growing in cracks
What is the thinnest layer of the Earth?
Crust
What is the name of a combination of two or more substances where one substance is evenly dispersed and dissolved in another substance?
Solution
What can happen when two tectonic plates collide?
Earthquakes or the formation of mountains
What process forms igneous rocks?
Cooling and solidification of magma or lava
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering is the breaking down of rocks. Erosion is the movement of those broken materials from one place to another.
What is the thickest layer of Earth?
Mantle
True or False: The physical properties of substances can change when they are mixed together, but they do not change chemically.
TRUE. The physical properties of the substances can change, but they do not change chemically.
Name one type of plate boundary.
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
How does sedimentary rock form?
Cementation and compression of sediment
What plant part helps prevent erosion?
Plants have roots that hold the soil in place, which helps prevent soil from being washed or blown away.
Describe what the mantle is made of.
Solid rock that can flow slowly over time, and it contains hot, molten rock.
How can you separate a mixture?
easily
How does the movement of tectonic plates affect volcanic activity?
Can create openings in the Earth's crust, allowing magma to escape and form volcanoes.
Summarize the rock cycle in one sentence.
The rock cycle is the continuous process of rocks changing from one type to another over time.
After erosion, a rock is __________, meaning it is dropped somewhere and is no longer moving.
Deposited
How does the movement of Earth's layers affect the surface?
It can cause earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountains.
What is a characteristic of a solution that makes it different from a mixture?
In a solution, the substances are evenly distributed and cannot be easily separated, unlike in a mixture.
What is one piece of evidence that supports the theory of plate tectonics?
The fit of the continents (Pangea)
Similar fossils found on different continents
Distribution of earthquakes.
Why are fossils usually found in sedimentary rocks?
These rocks form in layers that can preserve the remains of organisms.