5.PS.1
What property of matter describes how much mass is in a given volume?
Density
Is melting a physical or chemical change?
Physical change
What plant structure makes food?
Leaves
What is the original source of energy in most ecosystems?
The Sun
What causes day and night?
Earth’s rotation on its axis
A substance keeps its shape and volume. What state of matter is it?
Solid
What evidence suggests a chemical reaction has occurred?
Gas production, temperature change, color change, or formation of a new substance.
What structure transports water from roots to leaves?
Stem (xylem)
What is an organism that makes its own food called?
Producer
What causes the seasons?
Earth’s 23.5° tilt and orbit around the Sun.
Why does ice float in water?
Ice is less dense than liquid water.
Burning wood is what type of change and why?
Chemical change because a new substance (ash and gases) forms.
How does a fish’s gills help it survive?
They allow the fish to obtain oxygen from water.
In a food chain: grass → rabbit → fox. Which is the primary consumer?
Rabbit
What type of rock forms from cooled magma or lava?
Igneous rock
A student measures 40 g of a material and finds it takes up 20 cm³. What is its density?
2 g/cm³
If 10 g of a substance reacts in a closed system, how much mass will the products have?
10 g (Law of Conservation of Mass)
Why do desert plants have thick stems?
To store water
In a food chain: grass → rabbit → fox. If a disease reduces the rabbit population, what likely happens to the fox population?
It decreases due to less food availability.
Describe one way weathering differs from erosion.
Weathering breaks down rock; erosion moves the particles.
Two objects have the same mass, but one takes up more space. Which has greater density and why?
The object with less volume has greater density because density = mass ÷ volume.
Explain why dissolving sugar in water is not a chemical change.
The sugar molecules remain the same substance and can be recovered by evaporation.
Compare how roots and lungs function in obtaining materials for survival.
Roots absorb water and nutrients from soil; lungs take in oxygen from air.
Explain why energy decreases at each trophic level.
Some energy is lost as heat and used for life processes, so less energy transfers upward.
Why are fossils usually found in sedimentary rock?
Sedimentary rock forms from layers of sediment that can trap and preserve organisms.