The Earth system
The _______________ contains all of the water on Earth.
Hydrosphere
We can categorise rocks according to their _______________, _______________, and ________________.
Composition
Texture
Origin
A ________________ forms when magma travels through a crack in Earth's crust to the surface.
Volcano
________________ breaks down rocks or dissolves their minerals.
Weathering
The _______________ is the layer of air around the Earth.
Atmosphere
Which layer of the Earth contains solid rocks?
The crust
True or false: Minerals are made up of rocks.
False: Rocks are made up of minerals.
_________________ is molten rock that has been melted by the Earth's mantle.
Magma
What are the three processes that change the Earth's relief?
Weathering
Transportation
Deposition
True or false: Volcanic rocks contain visible crystals that we can see with the naked eye.
False: Volcanic rocks contain crystals, however they are too small to be seen with the naked eye.
Which part of the Earth system contains all of the living beings on Earth?
The biosphere
What type of rock is formed from sediment that settled on the bottom of a lake or sea?
Sedimentary rock
How do volcanic rocks form?
Volcanic rocks form from lava that cools and solidifies quickly.
What is a fossil?
A fossil is the petrified remains of a living being buried in a layer of sediment.
How do plutonic rocks form?
Plutonic rocks form when magma slowly solidifies inside the Earth's crust.
What are the layers of the geosphere called? (name all of them)
Crust
Mantle
Core
What are four mineral properties?
Colour
Lustre
Hardness
Shape of crystals
What happens when magma stays inside the Earth's crust?
The magma slowly solidifies and forms plutons.
What is deposition?
Deposition is when a geological agent drops the materials (sediment) it transported.
What geological agents perform transportation of weathered material?
Gravity, glaciers, surface water, groundwater, the sea, and wind
Which part of the Earth system do weather phenomena such as wind and precipitation occur in?
The Atmosphere
How does a metamorphic rock form?
A metamorphic rock forms when existing rocks become hot and get squashed deep inside the Earth's crust.
What causes Earthquakes?
The movement of rocks in the Earth's mantle causes huge masses of rock to break suddenly. This causes an intense vibration (earthquake).
How does transportation change the Earth's relief?
Geological agents transport loose weathered material. This erodes landforms and causes them to become excavated or flattened overtime.
How do sedimentary rocks form?
Sedimentary rocks form when geological agents deposit sediments. These sediments form layers which accumulate overtime and become compacted.