Vikings
What were some of the positive roles that Vikings had in their society?
Farmers, craftspeople, shipbuilders, seafarers (traders).
How do anthropologists and local people differ about how Polynesia was discovered?
Anthropologists say the sailors were blown there by chance by the wind. The oral tradition says they were skilled sailors who went there on purpose.
What was the Haudenosaunee Confederacy?
An alliance of 5 tribes in Canada.
Why did the fedual system begin?
After Rome fell, people were fighting for territory and established kingdoms.
What are sagas?
Long Viking stories about heroic adventures.
What does the word "vikingr" mean in old Norse language and is this accurate/true?
"Raider" or "Pirate". Some Vikings were raiders but not all of them.
What was the typical mode of transportation for the Polynesians?
Double hulled canoes (for better stability).
What is the role of the hoyaneh?
Caretaker of the Peace and leader of the clan.
List the people found in the hierarchy of the feudal system from TOP to BOTTOM.
Pope, Monarch, Nobles/Catholic Church leaders, Knights, Merchants/Farmers/Craftspeople, Serfs/Peasants
According to the oral tradition, what happened when the Creator saw the tribes fighting?
He was upset and sent the Peacemaker, who joined with Hayo'wetha, to convince them to join a confederacy.
Why were monasteries an easy target for Viking raids?
They had wealth (expensive items) but were not well protected.
Who is Tafa'i?
The hero that oral tradition says "fished up" the Polyneisan islands from under the sea.
Why did some tribes have more hoyaneh in the Grand Council compared to others?
The more clans in the tribe, the more hoyaneh sat on the Council.
Who had the LEAST amount of education, power and influence in feudal society?
Women
What does the quote, "A single arrow is easily broken" mean?
People are stronger when they stick together in numbers.
How do archeologists know that the Vikings were traders?
Found glassware from Germany, silver from Western Asia and silk from China.
Why was the adze (axe) interesting to researchers?
It was made of basalt (volcanic rock) which is found 4000 km away from Polynesia.
What were the principles of the Great Law of Peace?
Unity, Peace and Respect (for the land and for others).
What is a fief?
A parcel of land that was gifted to a noble by the monarch.
In the clan system, how was a person's membership determined?
Through the bloodline of their mother (matrilineal).
What is L'Anse aux Meadows?
A Viking settlement found at the northern tip of Newfoundland, Canada.
What plant native to South America was evidence that the Polynesians travelled long distances?
Sweet potato
What was one role of the Clan Mother?
Chose/Remove the hoyaneh, making major clan decisions, knowing/keeping the Great Law of Peace, naming children, settling disputes, protecting clan culture.
What was a good option for women who did not marry?
To become and nun, live in a convent, and get some education.
What is the shape of a typical hierarchy?
A pyramind.