Motivating Operations
What are the 2 internal states?
What are deprivation and satiation?
A student completes an assignment and receives praise. As a result, assignment completion increases. What procedure is demonstrated?
What is positive reinforcement?
A teacher reinforces a student for raising a hand instead of shouting out. Which differential reinforcement procedure is this?
What is DRA (Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior)?
What is the controlling stimulus of a mand?
What is an MO?
Students are able to earn extra recess each day if they bring in completed homework. What is this an example of?
What is an independent group contingency?
After not drinking water for several hours, a client is more likely to work for water. What is this an example of?
What is an establishing operation (EO) that increases the value of water as a reinforcer?
A driver fastens a seat belt, and the annoying warning sound stops. Seat belt fastening becomes more likely. What procedure is this?
What is negative reinforcement?
A behavior technician reinforces Sara for keeping her hands in her pocket, instead of hitting.
What is DRI (Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior)?
What verbal operant is a duplic?
What is an echoic?
A teacher tells the class that everyone will earn extra recess if one randomly selected student meets the behavioral goal. Identify the group contingency.
What is a dependent group contingency?
A child eats a large meal and is less likely to work for an additional snack. What type of operation is this?
What is an abolishing operation (AO) that decreases the value of food as a reinforcer?
A BCBA gives a learner a token after an appropriate request. The learner's appropriate requesting does not increase over subsequent sessions. Can the token automatically be classified as a reinforcer? Explain.
What is no? A consequence is only demonstrated to be a reinforcer when its contingent presentation increases or maintains the behavior under the relevant conditions.
A BCBA wants to increase independent functional communication from two requests per session to ten requests per session. What DR procedure would be most appropriate, and why?
What is DRH (Differential Reinforcement of High Rates of Behavior), because reinforcement is delivered for meeting progressively higher response-rate criteria?
What is the consequence of a tact?
What is a GCSR?
A class earns a group reward only when every student meets the stated behavioral goal. Identify the group contingency.
Answer: What is an interdependent group contingency?
A student has been deprived of attention. Attention becomes more valuable, and the student begins calling out more frequently to obtain it. Identify the two effects of the motivating operation.
What are the value-altering effect (attention becomes more reinforcing) and the behavior-altering effect (behaviors that have produced attention increase)?
What is the difference between escape and avoidance? Create a scenario describing the difference between the two.
Student response
A clinician reinforces a student for completing fewer than three interruptions per class, gradually reducing the allowed rate. Which procedure is this?
What is DRL (Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Behavior)?
A learner hears, “The opposite of hot is…” and responds, “Cold.” Why is this response classified as an intraverbal?
What is an intraverbal because the response is controlled by a verbal stimulus but does not have point-to-point correspondence with it?
A teacher wants to improve classroom participation while ensuring students with different support needs can succeed. Which type of group contingency may offer the most individualized flexibility?
What is an independent group contingency, because each student's reinforcement can depend on their own performance and individualized goals?
A BCBA notices that a learner's requests for a break decrease after the learner receives several scheduled breaks before difficult tasks. Explain how this antecedent arrangement might affect the value of escape and break-requesting behavior.
What is an abolishing operation for escape that may reduce the value of escaping the task and decrease behaviors previously maintained by escape, including break requests?
A BCBA introduces a token system, but the learner's target behavior does not increase. What should the BCBA evaluate before concluding that the intervention is effective?
What are the token's reinforcing effectiveness, the backup reinforcers, the schedule and immediacy of reinforcement, the response effort, motivating operations, and implementation fidelity?
Which DR procedure results in a decreased rate of responding and an increased interresponse time?
What is DRL?
A learner sees the printed word “STOP” and says “STOP” aloud. Explain why this is a codic rather than a duplic
What is textual behavior, a type of codic? The written stimulus and spoken response have point-to-point correspondence but lack formal similarity because the stimulus is written and the response is vocal.
A teacher wants to reduce classroom disruptions. One student frequently disrupts the class, and the teacher proposes withholding the entire class's reward whenever that student disrupts. Identify two ethical or practical concerns and suggest a better approach.
What are the risks of peer blame, social exclusion, and unfairly penalizing students for another person's behavior? A better approach may include clear and achievable group criteria, reinforcement for appropriate behavior, individual supports, and a plan that does not encourage punishment or stigmatization by peers.