Erick Eriksons
Age Range for trust vs mistrust
0-18 months
What is stage 5?
Identity vs role confusion
What is stage 4?
Industry vs inferiority
What is stage two?
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Possible positive outcome if an infant's needs for comfort, food, affection is consistently met.
Easier to trust other people and a greater since of hopefulness that things will work out.
What is stage 5?
Identity vs role confusion
Possible positive outcomes if a child's needs for encouragement and support in initiating tasks (trying new things safely) are not met
feelings of self-doubt, guilt, and paralysis (in ability to take the initiative with confidence).
What are the possible outcomes of stage 6 (age 40-65)
Generativity: A sense of productivity and accomplishment
Stagnation: Low personal growth, midlife crisis, self-absorption
Ego Integrity: a sense of satisfaction and readiness to face life's challenges
Despair: regret, bitterness, or fear of death
Two possible outcomes for children who are given tasks (such as reading and writing in school) depending on whether or not they are able to complete the tasks successfully (as compared to others).
Industry-Feeling competent/ believing in their skills.
Inferiority-Feeling like they aren't as good as their peers or that their efforts aren't valued
What are the possible positive outcomes if a child's (age 18-3 years old) needs for control (given choices, positive reinforcement, freedom to make mistakes as a part of learning) are met?
Increased confidence to make decisions and also have a healthy balance between being independent and being communal/dependent.
What are the possible risks (negative outcomes) of a young child not being encouraged and supported as they learn new skills like toileting and dressing?
Excessive shame and guilt. Not feeling confident and excessive dependence.
What are the possible outcomes of stage 5 (age 12-18)?
Identity: a strong sense of self and a feeling of independence and control
Role Confusion: being unsure about one's place in the world, values, and future direction.
Possible negative outcome if an infant/toddler's needs for food, comfort, affection are not met consistantly.
the infant may grow into an anxious child who views the world as unreliable (as an adult this can look like not being able to trust others and therefore difficulty asking for help)
What are the possible outcomes for stage 6 (age 18-40)?
Intimacy- the ability to form intimate, reciprocal relationships with others
Isolation- the inability to form healthy relationships. Feelings of loneliness, alienation, and exclusion. heightened fears of rejection.