Asian Americans
This 1882 Act barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States and prevented Chinese from gaining naturalized citizenship.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act
From 1869-1978, more than 20,000 children were forced to assimilate into whiteness. They were separated from families, forced to convert to Christianity, and forbidden to speak their native language among other things.
What is Indian Boarding Schools
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime of whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."
What is the 13th Amendment
This 1848 treaty ended the Mexican-American War and promised land rights and citizenship to Mexicans living in the newly acquired U.S. territory, but these promises were not honored.
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
This Executive Order sent 120,000 Japanese immigrants and citizens to internment camps, nullified their citizenships, and released them from armed services in the middle of World War II.
What is Japanese Internment
In the 1960’s the National Indian Youth Council formed to advocate for a faster rate of change. They wanted self-determination, tribal sovereignty, and improved living conditions.
What is the Red Power Movement
This person is known for his/her idea of "double consciousness," claiming: "One ever feels his twoness, - an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder"
Who is W.E.B. Dubois
During this mid-1800s event, Anglo miners claimed a “God-given right” to resources and discriminated against Spanish-speaking Californios and other Latin Americans.
What is the California Gold Rush
This is a “forgotten” about the Asian-American group, in which there has been an erasure of their history, immigrant contributions, and an outright denial of veteran benefits after 250,000 fought in WWII. They are also the third largest Asian American group.
What is Filipiné
In 1830, Jackson initiated this act that rounded up and evicted about 60,000 American Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes.
What is the Indian Removal Act
1967 Supreme Court ruling that "anti-miscegenation laws are unconstitutional" and that "the federal government has no right to intervene in or prohibit matters of intimacy between consenting adults"
What is Loving v. Virginia
This U.S. labor system brought Mexican men to work in agriculture under contracts, but in reality, they were underpaid, discriminated against, and treated as disposable labor, sometimes described as “the slaves we rent.”
What is the Bracero Program