Thoracic Spine
what is unique about the thoracic vertebrae that the lumbar or cervical do not have?
DEMI FACETS for rib articulations
What is one thing that is unique to the C2 vertebrae?
DENS
The subacromial space consists of?
How deep is the space in mm?
10mm
Where can the ulnar nerve be compressed? NAME ALL 3 PLACES
Arcade of Struthers, Guyons canal, cubital tunnel
What are the two tilts the radius has and how does it affect motion?
Palmar tilt: increases flexion
Ulnar tilt: increases ulnar deviation
True or false:
The thoracic discs are the thinnest in the whole spine
True!
The PLL turns into what ligament once it hits the cervical spine?
The deltoid and the ______ are a force couple
how?
rotator cuff
deltoid: superior translation
RTC: compresses, inferior force
As we weight bear where does most of the force go through?
Radius
What carpal bones take on the most axial load?
scaphoid (60 of the 80%) and the lunate (20%)
During rotation, the ipsilateral facet either compresses or distracts, and the contralateral facet either compresses or distracts?
Ipsilateral: distraction
CL: compression
which section of the cervical spine is the rotation motion (saying no)
upper C0-1
lower C1-2
What is the individual function of the upper trap, middle trap, and lower trap in regard to the serratus anterior?
UT: elevation, resists serratus anterior depression
MT: adduct, resists serratus anterior abduction
LT: upwardly rotate alongside serratus anterior
The trochlea articulates with the _____
the capitulum articulates with the ________
ulna
radius
What biomechanics happen in VISI vs DISI?
DISI: scaphoid flexes, triquetrum and lunate extend
VISI: scaphoid and lunate flex, triquetrum extend
Right thoracic scoliosis:
Where is the convexity, where is the rib hump, where is the side bend
convexity: right
rib hump: right
side bend: left
Which section of the cervical spine is considered "the Keystone"
(hint its techincally 2 of them together)
C2-3
What do we need from the STJ SCJ and GHJ to elevate properly
STJ: upward rotation, external rotation, posterior tilt
SCJ: posterior rotation, elevation
GHJ: elevation and ER
What is the carrying angle
what constitutes cubitus valgus and cubitus varus?
10-17
valgus= >15
varus: <5
What tendons are in each extensor compartments?
1= APL & EPB; 2=ECRB & ECRL
3=EPL; 4=ED & EI
5=EDM; 6=ECU
The upper ribs move in which plane? ML or AP
The lower ribs move in which plane? ML or AP
ML (but increase diameter in AP)
AP (but increase diameter in ML)
What is the function of the uncinate?
Helps the cervical spine be more concave
allows for more flexion-extension
limits lateral flexion and rotation
What is the brachial plexus divisions, cords and brances based off of?
Axillary artery
In the DRUJ, when is the dorsal ligament taut and when is the palmar ligament taut?
Dorsal: pronation
Palmar: supination
Explain the 5 components of the flexor mechanism
1. Digital tendon sheaths
2. Ulnar bursa
3. Radial bursa
4. Annular pulleys: TRANSVERSE
5. Cruciate pulleys: OBLIQUE