Teaching and Learning
What does it mean to reconceptualize learning and generalization as performance and learning?
Changed to the long-term context independent occurrence of the behavior. Performance is the ST specific occurrence of some behavior. Reconceptualization of generalization as learning.
What are two reasons for preferring the term DLD instead of SLI (Bishop, McGregor et al.)? What are two problems with the change in terminology from SLI to DLD (Leonard article
Problems could be difficult with the research and past knowledge could mess up diagnoses as the definitions changed. Prefer the terms to be more inclusive. The field changed terminology because lose access to previous research.
What is the main finding from research about treatment (dose) intensity
What are two reasons for not using IQ-achievement discrepancy to identify children with a specific learning disability?
Not going to identify kids with reading discreptencies, and IQ doesn’t correlate
What are three types of literacy knowledge that may be acquired during the emergent literacy period?
Alphabet, letter names, sight word vocabulary.
Describe and give two examples of a procedural view of learning (Kamhi/Ullman).
Example 1: driving a car (proceduralized because you practice it bc it becomes automatic because it isn’t requiring conscience attention anymore)
Example 2: Word-recognition becomes automatic. (gotta practice to make it automatic).
What is one factor that have contributed to the continued decline of clinical services to children with DLD?
DLD is a hidden disorder;
Provide two suggestions for targeting complex sentences and two suggestions for targeting narrative/expository discourse.Target the meanings and function rather than the structure itself:
Focus on expression on various mental state verbs and expressing the meanings of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions (meanings of these words) – talk about before and after or “why” you’re doing things. Target specific concepts and language of the narrative discourse. Goals should target macro and microstructure
How should SLD children be identified according to Fletcher
RTI (response to intervention)
What achievement characterizes the orthographic stage
sight word reading.
Provide three examples of desirable difficulties and discuss the research that supports them
Conditions of practice,(study at home vs library) contextual inference(put some in between recall, like activity), reduced feedback, Retrieve rather than re-present.
What are 2 of McGregor’s suggestions to increase the number of children with DLD who receive clinical services?
Mcgreggor’s suggestions: advocacy and awareness campaigns, stronger collab with teachers
Why are sequencing abilities not important for retelling narratives or improving narrative abilities?
Ordering and sequencing errors are caused by limitations in attention, WM, and or conceptual knowledge.
What is the simple view of reading?
Reading comprehension----> goes to word recognition and language/listening comprehension.
Define the two types of orthographic knowledge.
Sublexical (roles that govern which letters can or cannot be combined with another) and lexical(word specific orthographic representations)
What are four characteristics of good reasoning?
• Seek nuance and avoid absolutism
BONUS: +30PTS
What are the four sources of knowledge that impact spelling according to Apel?
Semantics, phonological, orthographic, morphological.
BONUS: +50PTS
What are three specific areas in which SLPs are uniquely qualified to provide services to students with written language disorders?
Spelling, listening comprehension, phoneme awareness, and comprehension.
What are the three subgroups of reading disabilities based on this view of reading?
Dyslexia, Dyslexia + DLD, and DLD
What is the self-teaching hypothesis?
Successful decoding of a word provides an opportunity to acquire word specific orthographic information.
Why should effort be praised rather than ability?
Praise effort, not ability, need to encourage students to think that their ability is under their control.
BONUS: +50
What is the primary unit of written language?
Spoken language
How do children read novel words differently from familiar words?
Sound them out(phonological decoding), and familiar words by sight.