Function in Focus
The ICF model provides a framework for describing these two concepts in relation to a health condition
Functioning and disability
Active insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle is excessively shortened or lengthened?
Shortened
Which Maitland/Kaltenborn grades are primarily used for pain and muscle guarding?
Grades I and II
What are the three normal end feels?
Hard, soft, firm
What are the three phases of tissues healing?
Inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation/remodeling
The ICF model shifts the focus away from simply describing body systems toward what broader concept?
Function
Passive insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle cannot do what across all of the joints it crosses?
Which Maitland/Kaltenborn are primarily used for stretching/stiffness and increasing ROM
Grades III and IV
During passive knee flexion, the motion stops because the calf and thigh come into contact. What type of end feel would you expect?
Soft end feel
Heat transfer through direct contact between two objects is called what?
Conduction
A patient has difficulty walking up a flight of stairs because of knee pain. What ICF category does difficulty performing the stairs represent?
Activity limitation
A person has weaker grip when the wrist is fully flexed. Is this active or passive insufficiency?
Which Maitland grade uses small-amplitude rhythmic oscillations at the limit of available motion and into tissue resistance?
Grade IV
The examiner cannot appreciate a mechanical endpoint because the patient's pain causes the test to stop. What end feel is this?
Empty
Ultrasound uses which type of mechanism of energy transfer?
Conversion
A patient cannot return to playing on their recreational soccer team because of their injury. What ICF category does this represent?
Participation restriction
During hip flexion with the knee extended, the hamstrings limit the available motion. Is this active or passive insufficiency?
A therapist performs large-amplitude rhythmic oscillations up to the limit of motion and into tissue resistance. Which grade is being used?
Maitland Grade III
During PROM, the examiner feels a rebound at the end of the available motion, suggesting that an intra-articular structure may be blocking movement. What type of end feel is this?
Springy end feel
What physiological effect of superficial thermotherapy can make stretching or mobility interventions more effective?
increased collagen/connective-tissue extensibility
Name the major components you should consider when describing a patient using the ICF framework
Health condition, body structure/function, activities, participation, environmental and personal factors
Explain the major difference between active and passive insufficiency
Active insufficiency = the muscle is too shortened to produce effective force
Passive insufficiency = the muscle is too lengthened to allow full motion
A patient has significant joint stiffness with relatively little pain. Would Maitland grade I-II or grade III-IV generally better match the treatment goal?
Grade III-IV
During PROM, the examiner feels increasing tension caused by capsular or muscle stretch. What normal end feel is this?
Firm
What is the main difference between sensory-level TENS and motor-level NMES in terms of their general treatment purpose?
TENS is primarily used for pain modulation; NMES produces muscle contraction for purposes such as strengthening or muscle re-education