Fundamentals of Nutrition
nutrition
all body processes relating to food
essential nutrients
composed of chemical elements found in food
digestion
process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically, and moves the food through the digestive system
underweight
body weight that is 10-15% less than the average recommended weight
for a person's height
regular diet
balanced diet usually used for patient with no dietary restrictions
nutritional status
state/condition of one's nutrition
carbohydrates
major source of readily useable human energy
metabolism
process in which nutrients are used by the cells for building tissue
overweight
body weight that is 10-20% greater than average recommended weight for person's height
therapeutic diets
modifications of the normal diet; to improve specific health conditions
osteoporosis
bones become porous and brittle
lipids
also known as fats or oils are organic compounds; concentrated form of energy
absorption
process in which blood or lymph capillaries pick up digested nutrients
anorexia nervosa
psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or
refuses to eat
liquid diets
both clear and full liquids; nutritionally inadequate and only to be used for short
periods of time
hypertension
high blood pressure
cholesterol
sterol lipid found in body cells and animal products
peristalsis
rhythmic wavelike motion of the muscles
bulimia
psychological disorder where a person alternately binges and then refuses to eat at all
soft diet
similar to regular diet, but foods require less chewing and are easily digestible
diabetes mellitus
when the body doesn't produce enough of the hormone insulin to metabolize
carbs
proteins
basic compounds of all body cells; build and repair tissue
basal metabilic rate
rate at which the body uses energy for maintaining tissue without doing any voluntary work
bulimarexia
psychological disorder where a person alternately binges and then induces
vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food
calorie-controlled diets
include both low and high-calorie diets; low-calorie for overweight. high
calorie for underweight