6.6A - States of Matter
Which state of matter has a definite shape and a definite volume?
Solid
What do we call a pure substance made of only one type of atom?
Element
What type of element is usually shiny and conducts heat and electricity well?
Metal
What is the formula for density?
Density = Mass ÷ Volume
Ice melts into liquid water. Is this a physical or chemical change?
Physical change
Which state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container?
Liquid
Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen chemically combined. Is water an element or a compound?
Compound
What type of element is usually a poor conductor of heat and electricity?
Nonmetal
An object has a mass of 20 g and a volume of 10 mL. What is its density?
2 g/mL
Wood burns and produces ash. Is this a physical or chemical change?
Chemical change
In which state of matter are particles spread far apart and moving freely?
Gas
Salt water is evenly mixed throughout. Is it a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?
Homogeneous mixture
Elements found along the stair-step line have properties of both metals and nonmetals. What are they called?
Metalloids
An object has a density of 0.7 g/mL. Will it sink or float in water?
Float
What type of property describes a substance's ability to catch fire?
Flammability, a chemical property
A solid is heated until it becomes a liquid. What is this change of state called?
Melting
A bowl contains cereal, marshmallows, and nuts that can be seen separately. What type of mixture is it?
Heterogeneous mixture
A student needs a material that conducts electricity well and can be shaped into wires. Which general category of elements should the student consider?
Metals
A graduated cylinder contains 25 mL of water. After a rock is added, the water rises to 40 mL. What is the rock's volume?
15 mL
A student mixes two substances and observes bubbles forming. Which possible sign of chemical change does this show?
Gas production
A gas is cooled until its particles move more slowly and it becomes a liquid. What is this change called?
Condensation
A sample contains two different types of atoms chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. What type of matter is it?
Compound
What group of elements is important in many technologies, including electronics, magnets, and rechargeable batteries?
Rare earth elements
A rock has a mass of 60 g. In a graduated cylinder, the water rises from 20 mL to 40 mL when the rock is added. Calculate the rock's density and predict whether it will sink or float in water.
3 g/mL; it will sink.
Work: Volume = 40 − 20 = 20 mL. Density = 60 ÷ 20 = 3 g/mL.
A student observes a new solid forming when two liquids are mixed. What is this evidence of chemical change called, and what does it suggest?
A precipitate formed. It suggests that a chemical reaction may have occurred and a new substance formed.