The
Scientific Method
Scientific Method
What is the first step in the scientific method?
Making an observation
What is an independent variable?
The factor that is intentionally changed in an experiment
What does the Keeling Curve measure?
CO2 levels in the atmosphere
What is bias in scientific research?
A distortion of data or interpretation based on personal or external influences.
What is a scientific theory?
A well-tested explanation based on a large amount of evidence.
What is a hypothesis?
A testable explanation for an observation
What is a dependent variable?
The factor that is measured or observed in an experiment
How do ice cores help scientists study past climates?
They contain trapped air bubbles that show past CO2 levels.
How can funding sources create bias in scientific studies?
Companies may fund research that supports their interests.
Why is uncertainty in climate models not the same as inaccuracy?
Models predict a range of possible outcomes rather than exact results.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction?
A hypothesis explains why something happens; a prediction forecasts what will happen
What are controlled variables, and why are they important?
Factors kept constant to ensure a fair test and valid results.
What is the biggest challenge in reconstructing past climate trends?
The farther back in time, the fewer direct measurements exist, leading to uncertainty.
What is confirmation bias, and how can it affect climate research?
The tendency to favor data that supports pre-existing beliefs, leading to selective reporting.
Why are long-term climate predictions more difficult than short-term weather forecasts?
Climate involves complex, large-scale patterns, while weather depends on short-term local changes.
How does falsifiability make a hypothesis stronger?
A good hypothesis can be tested and proven wrong if incorrect.
How could a poorly controlled experiment lead to false conclusions?
If multiple variables change at once, it’s unclear which factor caused the observed results.
How do scientists use proxy data to study climate?
They analyze natural records like ice cores, tree rings, and sediment layers.
Describe an instance in which bias in media reporting has influenced public perception of climate change.
Some media sources have exaggerated uncertainties or presented climate change as a debate rather than a scientific consensus.
How can increasing computing power improve climate models?
More computing power allows for higher-resolution simulations, improving accuracy.
Explain why correlation does not always imply causation in scientific experiments.
Two variables may be related without one causing the other. External factors could influence both
In a study on the effects of pollution on fish populations, identify all possible variables.
Independent: Pollution level; Dependent: Fish population; Controlled: Water temperature, pH, food supply.
Why do some climate models produce different results for future climate change?
Models use different assumptions, data sets, and levels of complexity, leading to varied predictions.
How can scientists reduce bias in their research?
By using blind studies, diverse peer review panels, and disclosing potential conflicts of interest.
If new data contradicts an established scientific theory, what should scientists do?
They should re-examine the data, repeat experiments, and modify or refine the theory if needed.