Bach
The texture with a melody with accompaniment
Homophonic
The bass line used in Baroque period, sometimes indicated by with numbers called the figured bass
Continuo / Basso continuo
A structure with recurring tutti sections which alternate with solo passages
Ritornello form
A change of key
Modulation
Explain how to look for the relative minor key
Go down a minor third from the major key
A texture with imitation and staggered entrances
Polyphonic
A scale that uses only semitones
Chromatic scale
The recurring tutti section in ritornello form
Ritornello
The fifth note of a scale
Dominant
An ornament consisting of a rapid alternation between two adjacent notes, usually a semitone or tone apart
Trill
A sustained tone, typically in the bass, usually on the tonic or dominant note
Pedal note / Tonic pedal / Dominant pedal
A type of broken chord in which the notes of a chord are played one after the other, from the bottom of the chord to the top or vice versa
Arpeggio
The solo passages in ritornello form
Episode
The first note of a scale
Tonic
An ornament that starts on the principal note, goes down and back up as quickly as possible.
Mordent
When a part is copied to another part
Imitation
A second melody that is played simultaneously with the leading melody
Countermelody
The group of soloists in a concerto grosso
Concertino
Distance between two notes
Intervals
A section of music that ends with a V-I progression
Perfect cadence
A genre that features a solo instrument accompanied by the orchestra
Solo concerto
A genre that features a group of soloists accompanied by the orchestra
Concerto grosso
The tutti group in a concerto grosso
A composition in which the themes are introduced one by one in an imitative manner
Fugue
A rhythmic device to create unexpected rhythmic feeling in music; Group of 2 beats in 3/4 time
Hemiola