Metabolism
Chemical reactions occurring within a cell from the start of a specific molecule to a completed product.
Metabolic Pathway
The change in free energy is represented in an equation with what type of symbol(s)?
ΔG
When ATP is utilized, a phosphate group is broken off and ATP is then converted to ______.
ADP
Enzymes act as a ________, speeding up a reaction.
This is the regulation in which an enzyme has multiple subunits with their own active sites changing the enzyme shape back and forth.
Allosteric
In a catabolic pathway, sugar is broken down and energy is _______.
Released
What is the measurement of temperature used when making calculations such as for free energy?
Kelvin
H2O is added to ATP to break the bonds and cause a reaction. This type of reaction is also known as ___________.
Hydrolysis
When the enzyme and the reactant the enzyme acts upon are bound or joined, this is known as the ______________.
enzyme-substrate complex
Name one environmental factor that can affect the speed of an enzyme.
Temperature, pH
Object in motion are said to have this kind of energy.
Kinetic
When the free energy during a reaction decreases, this reaction is considered spontaneous and known as an __________ reaction.
Exergonic
When the phosphate group leaves ATP during a reaction and joins another molecule, this molecule is said to be ___________.
Phosphorylated.
Bringing chemical groups into the active site of an enzyme in a specific position is knows as ___________.
A cofactor that is an organic molecule is called a ___________.
coenzyme
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
The energy of the universe is constant.
Equilibrium can only be achieved in which type of system?
Closed or Isolated
ATP acts as an energy balance by coupling what two types of processes?
Endergonic and exergonic. (would accept catabolism and anabolism)
An enzyme is said to be _________ when the substrate concentration is so high that all active sites are engaged, and substrate is still available and ready to enter the site as soon as the products leave.
Saturated
When a substrate stimulates an enzyme to cause induced fit, triggering other subunits to change shape to accommodate, this is known as _____________.
Cooperativity
Define entropy.
Disorder, Randomness, Chaos
This process is an endergonic reaction in which free energy is built up from sunlight and used to produce sugar.
Photosynthesis
ATP is not used up. What happens after hydrolysis of ATP?
Regeneration, Recycling, Reuse
A substance that binds to an active site of an enzyme, therefore not allowing substrate to enter, is knows as _________.
Competitive inhibitors
This type of inhibition prevents cells from wasting chemical resources by halting a process that may otherwise continue to make more products than are necessary.
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