Weathering
Weathering is?
Natural process that breaks down rocks, soil and minerals at the earths surface that happens over time.
Debris Flow
steep sided slopes that are subject to heavy rains, the style of movement is generally slow and viscous material and can be identified though flow tracks that are left behind on landscape
cut bank
river meander where the river erodes the land, creating a steep, often overhanging bank. It is formed due to the faster water flow along the outer curve of a meandering river
Chemical Weathering
the breakdown of rocks, minerals, and soils through chemical reactions. This process occurs when minerals in rocks react with water, oxygen, acids, or other chemicals in the environment. Hydration, Hydrolysis, Solution is all chem weathering
rock fall
quick vertical movement of debris and rock that comes off steep slopes or cliffs with the help of gravitational forces. freeze thaw weathering is an influencing factor to identify a fall how far it was and distance travelled.
straight channels
Natural straight channels are usually found in areas where the underlying rock is resistant to erosion, or in steep, narrow valleys where the river has little room to meander.
they have limited deposition because of the faster flow and more direct and higher energy.
Physical Weatheirng
the process by which rocks and minerals are broken down into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition. This process is driven by physical forces such as temperature changes, pressure, and the actions of water, wind.
Exfoliation, freeze thaw, thermal expansion, and wetting and drying are some examples of this weatheirng
slump
portion of earth or rock moves downslope along a curved surface, creating a rotational movement. Unlike other forms of landslides, slumping involves the downward and outward movement of material along a plane. This creates a rotational slip. identified by
1.Curved failure surface
2.Mass stays intact
3.Minor scarps with backtilt possible
meandering channel
inuous, winding river or stream systems that form in low-gradient environments where water flows over relatively flat terrain. Unlike straight channels, meandering rivers constantly shift and change direction, creating broad curves, or meanders, as they move across the landscape.
Hydrolosis and Hydration
Hydrolysis is the Process of minerals chemically combining with water resulting in new compounds. Water splits into H and OH
Hydration is the absorption of water by a mineral that causes that mineral to expand which in turn exerts tension on the mineral and forcing the mineral structure apart.
avalance
•Involves viscous to fluid-like motion of material without significant amount of water present (turbulent dry flow)
point bar
on the inner curve of a meandering river or stream. As water flows through a meander, the velocity of the water is slower on the inner bend, allowing sediments like sand, gravel, and silt to accumulate and form a point bar.
wetting and drying weathering
rocks absorb water and then dry out which then breaks down the rock over time, this creates cracks and fissures in rock, soil formation is aided by this and landform changes from the gradual erosion.
rock topple
rock or soil pivot or rotate forward and fall down a slope due to gravitational forces. Unlike other forms of mass wasting that involve sliding or flowing, a topple occurs when rocks tilt or lean outward before falling, like a domino. forward rotation is a key identifier.
piping
process typically occurs in areas with high water saturation, where water infiltrates the soil and creates pressure, which can cause the soil to become unstable. As water flows through these subsurface channels, it can erode the surrounding material, resulting in a network of pipes or tunnels.