Jeffersonian Contradictions
What 1803 event forced Thomas Jefferson to abandon his strict interpretation of the Constitution to dramatically expand the United States?
Louisiana Purchase
What religious movement emphasized individual salvation and helped inspire temperance, abolitionism, and other reform movements?
Second Great Awakening
What 1820 agreement temporarily preserved the balance between free and slave states while restricting slavery in part of the Louisiana Purchase?
Missouri Compromise
What political practice did Andrew Jackson defend as democratizing government employment, even though critics accused him of rewarding political loyalty over competence?
Spoils system
What 1823 declaration warned European powers against further colonization in the Western Hemisphere?
Monroe Doctrine
What 1807 law demonstrated Jefferson's belief in economic coercion rather than military conflict, but ultimately devastated American merchants?
Embargo Act of 1807
What transportation project, completed in 1825, helped transform New York City into America's leading commercial center?
Erie Canal
What 1831 rebellion intensified Southern fears of enslaved resistance and contributed to harsher slave codes?
Nat Turner's Rebellion
What institution did Jackson attack as an unconstitutional concentration of economic privilege, despite an earlier Supreme Court ruling affirming its constitutionality?
Second Bank of the United States
What meeting of New England Federalists during the War of 1812 helped destroy the party's national reputation?
Hartford Convention
What Supreme Court decision established the principle of judicial review, strengthening the federal judiciary despite Jefferson's opposition to Federalist judicial power?
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
What nineteenth-century ideology simultaneously restricted women's roles to the home and helped justify their participation in public reform movements?
Cult of Domesticity / Republican Motherhood
What technological innovation helped make short-staple cotton production more profitable, accelerating the expansion of slavery?
Cotton gin
What political crisis revealed Jackson's commitment to federal supremacy when a Southern state challenged the constitutionality of federal tariffs?
Nullification Crisis
Despite American demands to end British impressment, this 1814 agreement ended the War of 1812 without directly resolving the issue.
Treaty of Ghent
What Supreme Court case established that Congress possessed implied powers and that states could not tax legitimate federal institutions?
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
What factory system recruited young unmarried women to work in textile mills under strict supervision?
Lowell system
This formerly enslaved abolitionist published An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World in 1829, calling for resistance against slavery and challenging claims of Black inferiority.
David Walker
What Supreme Court ruling recognized Cherokee sovereignty against Georgia's interference, but failed to prevent the federal government's removal policies?
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
This Shawnee leader attempted to unite Native American nations against American westward expansion and allied with the British during the War of 1812.
Tecumseh
What military conflict demonstrated Jefferson's willingness to use federal military power abroad despite his commitment to limited government?
First Barbary War
These two European immigrant groups arrived in large numbers during the 1840s, often facing hostility because of their religion, ethnicity, or economic status.
Irish and Germans
What congressional policy effectively prevented discussion of antislavery petitions, revealing tensions between protecting slavery and preserving constitutional liberties?
Gag rule
This political party emerged partly in opposition to Andrew Jackson, accusing him of exercising executive authority in ways that resembled a monarchy.
Whig Party.
What 1819 agreement transferred Florida to the United States and established boundaries between American and Spanish territories?
Adams–Onís Treaty