Consciousness
Define normal waking consciousness
A state of consciousness in which an individual is awake and aware.
Define sleep
Sleep is a regular and naturally occurring altered state of consciousness that involves a loss of awareness and disengagement with internal and external stimuli.
Which stage of sleep does the sleeper experience of the hypnagogic state
nrem 1
What is an EEG used for?
Brain waves can be used to make a judgement about the state of consciousness a person might be in.
When describing these physiological measures you need to state that
Detects, amplifies, records electrical activity
Define Altered state of consciousness (ASC)
A state of consciousness that is distinctly different from normal waking consciousness in terms of quality of experience and levels of awareness.
Define REM
Characterised by rapid eye movement, high levels of brain activity, and low levels of physical activity.
Which stage of sleep does the sleeper spend 50% of their sleep episode in?
NREM 2
What does EMG stand for?
Electromyograph
What are two other forms of measuring sleep that aren't physiological?
sleep diaries and video monitoring
Define Naturally occurring altered state of consciousness
A type of altered state of consciousness that occurs without intervention.
Define NREM
A type of sleep characterised by a lack of rapid eye movement and is subdivided into three different stages.
Which stage of sleep is sleepwalking and sleep talking most likely to occur?
nrem 3
What are EOGs used for?
EOGs are helpful in determining what type of sleep an individual is experiencing.
What type of data do sleep diaries provide?
Subjective
Define Induced altered state of consciousness
A type of altered state of consciousness that occurs due to a purposeful action or aid.
Compare sleep episode to sleep cycles
A sleep episode is the full duration of time spent asleep. A sleep episode is made up of multiple repeated cycles of REM and NREM sleep, called sleep cycles. Therefore, a sleep cycle is an approximately 90-minute-period that repeats during a sleep episode in which an individual progresses through stages of REM and NREM sleep.
What are sleep spindles and what stage do they occur?
nrem 2. Sleep spindles are brief bursts of rapid brain waves
What's a limitation of an EEG?
▪Does not measure neural activity from deeper in the brain very well
▪Does not provide detailed information about where in the brain the activity is coming from
What does an EMG attach to?
Electrodes attached to the skin above the muscles.