Canadien Culture
What dialect did the French settlers from New France develop.
Canadien-francais
Canadien fur traders were known as ___________
Coureurs de bois
What religion were most people living in New France at this time?
Catholic
What was the Acadian Expulsion
The historical event in which thousands of Acadians were forced from their homeland in Acadia by the British.
Which French explorer was first to arrive in New France?
Jacques Cartier in 1534
Canadien settlers who lived along the St. Lawrence River were farmers called_____________.
habitants
Coureurs de bois translates directly as __________
"wood runners"
What was the first hospital in New France called and where was it built?
Hotel Dieu in Quebec City
Acadia had been passed back and forth many times between the British and the French. True or False
True
Why did King Frances I send Cartier on his first voyage?
to find a route to the gold and spices of the Far East
Who were the voyageurs and what could they not do?
They were canoeists who worked for fur trading firms to transport furs and goods. They could not trade or sell furs.
What are Canada's 4 current industries?
forestry, mining, oil and gas and manufacturing
List at least 2 ways that the women in New France enjoyed a level of independence that was not availabe to the women in the British colonies or in France.
1. Learned to cook with the foods that were available in North America (venison, maple syrup)
2. Sewed their family's clothes
3. Made meals from scratch
4. Greater education/literacy skills
What ultimately lead to the expulsion of the Acadians?
They refused to sign an oath of allegiance demanded by Governor Lawrence which meant the Acadians would have to fight the French if Britain and France went to war.
Which explorer was thought of as the "Father of New France"?
Samuel de Champlain
Identify at least two ways that the Catholic church played a role in people's lives.
1. Set up schools and hospitals
2. The Catholic church was the only provider of healthcare at the time.
3. Parish priests served as local leaders
The French decided they could benefit from developing good business relations with First Nations peoples. List 2 ways they benefited from this relationship?
1. The French depended on First Nations to supply the furs that they sold in Europe.
2. Their First Nations trading partners became their military allies.
How did the First Nations benefit from their good business relationships with the French?
The Europeans supplied them with European-made goods. Many of these tools, such as rifles, metal traps, sewing needles and cooking pots.
What happened to the Acadians upon deportation?
- forced on to ships and sent to Europe or distant British colonies in the United States
- some escaped into forest and found refuge with other French or First Nations communities
- Nearly 1/3 of those forced onto ships died before reaching destination.
- Others died of exposure or starvation while hiding
What did Cartier accomplish on each of his 3 voyages?
Voyage 1 - claimed land for France and started fur trade with the Iroquois
Voyage 2 - became the first European to sail up the St. Lawrence River and named the country "Kanata"
Voyage 3 - explored Newfoundland and decided it was an island and laid the foundation for the beginning of New France
List at least 3 changes that influenced New France to develop a distinct Canadien culture.
1. New words and expressions
2. New style of dress
3. New ways of living in the wilderness
4. Carefree lifestyle that ignored authority and French traditions
5. Very independent women
What makes the fur trade historically significant?
- it was one of the reasons why the French explored North America
- this led to them expanding settlement into areas that they would otherwise not have gone.
- many joined the fur trade to make extra money
- it brought the French, the British and First Nations together in alliances but also into conflicts
New France was not growing as fast as the British colonies. What ways did the Canadiens find to sustain themselves?
1. They entered the fur trade.
2. The French government helped to sponsor expeditions to find more First Nations fur trading partner.
What was the aftermath of the expulsion?
- the deported Acadians had difficulty settling in British colonies
- when they were allowed to return, only 3000 did so but their land had been given to British settlers and many settling in what is now New Brunswick.
What did Samuel de Champlain accomplish in his 3 and subsequent voyages?
Voyage 1 - made detailed maps of the coast of North America, St. Lawrence River, etc.
Voyage 2 - established fur-trading settlements in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia
Voyages that followed - brought colonists to settle and founded Quebec City