Memory Across the Lifespan
This is a form of learning evidenced during gestation.
What is habituation?
This phenomenon involves observing a behavior in other individuals and then performing the same behavior, but it is not a form of social learning because the behavior is an innate response.
What is social contagion?
This dimension of emotion refers to whether an emotion is positive vs. negative.
What is valence?
In classical conditioning, this is the name for the learned response.
What is the conditioned response?
Operant conditioning refers to an association between these two components.
What are a response and an outcome?
This is the last form of memory to fully develop and the first one to decline.
What is working memory?
This is a form of copying in which an observer replicates the goal-directed action of another individual, but does not copy the precise motor movements.
What is emulation?
When this brain region is damaged, humans and animals fail to show normal fear conditioning.
What is the amygdala?
In classical conditioning, this is the name for the period when the CS-US association is being learned.
What is acquisition?
This is the term used to describe the frequency and regularity with which behaviors are rewarded.
What is a reinforcement schedule?
This is the term for individuals that show abnormal performance on neuropsychological tests but preserved everyday functioning.
What is Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?
An example of this would be if an individual observes a group of people staring at the sky and the individual then looks up at the sky as well (to see what the others are looking at).
What is stimulus enhancement?
For a patient with a fear of spiders, exposure therapy represents this form of learning.
What is extinction?
According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, this is the key factor that determines how much learning occurs on each trial.
What is the degree of surprise associated with the outcome?
This is the name for a stimulus that conveys whether a response-outcome association is currently valid or not.
What is a discriminative stimulus?
This is the the brain region that shows the earliest evidence of volume loss with aging.
What is prefrontal cortex?
A component of this model of social learning involves matching a produced vocalization to a remembered vocalization.
What is the template model for song learning?
Emotion can enhance central elements of an experience at the expense of these other elements of an experience.
What are peripheral details?
This is the phenomenon wherein a conditioned response returns after an extinction phase.
What is spontaneous recovery?
A parent taking an iPad away form a misbehaving child would be an example of this.
What is negative punishment?
What is source memory?
These types of neurons fire when an individual performs an action OR when an individual observes someone else performing that same action.
What are mirror neurons?
In fear conditioning, this is the stimulus that is inherently aversive and produces fear.
What is the unconditioned stimulus?
In this paradigm, an unconditioned stimulus is habituated in order to test whether this influences the response to a corresponding conditioned stimulus.
What is devaluation?
Difficulty learning that response outcome associations have switched is primarily associated with damage to this brain region.
What is orbitofrontal cortex?