Studies
An overt participant observation where a researcher spent more than a year with an Italian-American family in Boston's North End and hung out with gang members.
William Whyte, Street Corner Society (1943)
The main idea of SIT
Your sense of self cannot happen without groups. There are in-groups and out-groups.
The main idea of SCT
The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating, and by being rewarded or punished
A societal belief or assumption of how a group of people act or look that may not be entirely accurate
Stereotype
Groups tend to make more extreme decisions than individuals. This Thinking style in highly cohesive groups, they want a unanimous decision so badly that decision-making does not occur, and they ignore alternative solutions.
Groupthink
A study that aimed to understand the impact of social representations on the self-esteem and identity of young people living in Brixton (Associated with drugs, guns, violence, crime, and largely populated with people of color) through interviews.
Howarth's Brixton Study
Changes in one's attitude or behavior to fit the group's social norms.
Conformity
A study showing the positive correlation between the number of hours of violence watched on TV by elementary school children and the level of aggression demonstrated when they were teenagers.
Heusman and Eron, 1986
He did a content analysis of a questionnaire asking people from different places (work environments) about how they perceived their work environment. His work was based on data from business and management, and thus the theory is often applied in international communications or business research.
Hoffestede
a persuasion tactic where an initial, attractive offer secures a person's commitment, after which the cost is increased.
Low balling
A study that aimed to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform, where A single naive subject was placed in a room with 6–8 actors (confederates) to complete a visual test in which they matched the length of a line (A, B, or C) to a target line the actors purposely gave the wrong answer.
Asch Study
Changes in ones behavior when an authority figure is present
Compliance
The idea that people are sometimes at risk of, or feel at risk of, conforming to stereotypes about themselves.
Stereotype Threat
The changing of a person's behavior + characteristic as a result of contact between different cultures
Acculturation
The process of learning the behaviors, characteristics and norms of the culture they belong to.
Enculturation.
A study where a “Teacher” delivers electric shocks as punishment to a “Learner”. Not a real shock, but the teacher thinks it is.
Milgram (1963)
A persuasion strategy where a large, likely-to-be-refused request is made first, followed by a smaller, reasonable request
Door in the face
A study that aimed to investigate stereotype threat on test performance by subjecting black and white students to 3 different testing conditions and measuring their success.
Steel and Aronson 1995
Securing compliance with a small, initial request increases the likelihood of agreement to a subsequent, larger request
Foot in the door
This form of social influence accepts others' views as validation.
Informational
What is the main critique of Bandura's Bobo Doll experiment?
That children could have observed violence outside the experiment, affecting how violent they tended to be.
A study showed that students favored their own group, preferred greater differences between groups over fairness, and showed discrimination without a clear reason.
Tajfel “Kalndinsky versus Klee experiment.”
According to Bandura, there are 4 factors in SCT. Name one.
Attention
Retention
Motivation
Potential
The effect that individuals are less likely to help in an emergency when others are present.
By-Stander effect
This form of social influence accepts others' views to be liked.
Normative