Cell Anatomy
Define a cell.
The smallest unit of life.
DNA replication occurs during the
a. cytokinesis
b. interphase
c. metaphase
d. prophase
interphase
Identify 4 functions of epithelial tissue.
protection, absorption, filtration, secretion, (sometimes filtration), and (sometimes sensory reception).
What are the 2 components of the matrix in connective tissue?
ground substance (cell adhesion proteins and polysaccharides) and fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers)
What are the three functions of nervous tissue?
send/receive electrochemical signals, conductivity, and irritability
Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell"?
Mitochondria
The chromosomes of the cell line up on the cell equator during _________ phase.
Metaphase
Illustrate a simple squamous epithelium. Label the basement membrane and apical surface.
1 layer of squamous cells. Apical surface is the "top" of the tissue and basement membrane is the attachment point of the cells.
Identify the 4 functions of connective tissue.
protection, support, cushion, and insulation
What are the 3 functions of muscle tissue?
contact, shorten, irritability
__________ are the slender extensions of the plasma membrane that increases its surface area.
Microvilli
When a cell is not dividing, the genetic material is loosely dispersed throughout the nucleus in a thread like form called ___________.
a. chromosomes
b. ribosomes
c. chromatin
chromatin
Illustrate stratified cuboidal epithelium. Label the apical surface and the basement membrane.
2+ layers of cuboidal epithelium. Apical surface is the top and the basement membrane is the attachment point.
True or False: Connective tissue is vascularized.
False: cartilage is avascular
The branched muscle cell that contains striations and operates involuntary is called ______ and is found in the ________.
cardiac; heart
The _________ is the control center of the cell and is necessary for cell division and cell life.
Nucleus
Explain what happens to the homologous chromosomes during anaphase?
Sister chromatids get pulled apart.
Where in the human body is ciliated epithelium located?
trachea and most of the upper respiratory tract
How does the structure of the matrix reflect the functions of connective tissue?
The matrix provides its tissue with the strength for protection and support and it enables the tissue to bind other tissues together.
The multinucleate muscle cell that contains striations and operates voluntary is called ______ and it builds ____________.
skeletal, muscles
______ is the external boundary of the cell and it regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell.
Plasma Membrane
What does PMAT stand for?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
True or False: Epithelial tissue is avascular.
True
What would the matrix consistency be for adipose (fat) tissue? (Liquid, gel-like, or firm)
gel-like
Why are smooth muscle cells called "smooth"?
No striations for slow contractions