Definitions
What is Internal Migration?
When people move from one part of the country to another without crossing an international border
What are 2 of the challenges guest workers might face in destination countries?
Poor living or working conditions
Limited legal protections or rights
Long separation from family
Language or cultural barriers
Discrimination or exploitation
What makes forced migration different from voluntary migration?
Forced migration happens when people have no real choice, staying would put their life, safety, or freedom at serious risk. Voluntary migration involves personal choice, usually for better opportunities.
How do economic resources or immigration laws influence Step Migration?
People with limited money or skills may only be able to afford small moves. Immigration laws may also block direct entry, forcing migrants to live or work in a country along the way before trying to move on.
The current world population is?
What is chain migration?
**BONUS QUESTION***
What month was Maddi born???
What are 3 reasons people are forced to migrate?
War and violent conflict
Political or religious persecution
Natural disasters (earthquakes, hurricanes)
Human rights violations
Slavery or human trafficking
How have modern transportation and communication affected internal migration?
They’ve reduced friction of distance, making it easier to move longer distances within a country. Highways, trains, and air travel help people reach distant cities, and the internet lets people learn about job opportunities or stay connected with family after they move.
What is the capital of Nepal?
Katmandu
What is Step Migration?
People migrate through smaller, lesser moves, rather than one long journey.
Identify positive and negative effects of internal migration on cities and rural areas
Cities benefit from a growing labor force and economic growth but may face overcrowding, housing shortages, and traffic.
Rural areas may lose population and skilled workers but can also benefit from remittances sent by migrants.
Why do countries rely on guest workers?
Countries rely on them to fill jobs in industries like construction, agriculture, or domestic work, especially when local workers don’t want those jobs.
What role does the physical environment play in transhumance migration?
The environment is central to transhumance. Herders move their livestock based on seasonal changes in climate and the availability of grass. They go to higher elevations in summer for cooler weather and fresh pastures, and return to valleys or warmer areas in winter.
What is Kathleen's brothers name?
Sebastian
What is Transhumance? Give an example
A type of seasonal migration where people move with their livestock between fixed summer and winter grazing areas.
What are 3 challenges that cities face when large numbers of rural migrants arrive?
Overcrowded housing or the rise of informal settlements (slums)
Strain on infrastructure like transportation, water, and electricity
Pressure on schools, hospitals, and job markets
Traffic congestion and pollution
Social and economic inequality
Why might someone choose step migration over moving directly to their final goal?
They might not have enough money, legal documents, or connections to make a big move all at once. Step migration allows them to gradually build resources and adjust to new environments along the way.
How might government policies encourage or discourage Chain Migration?
Encourage: Family reunification laws that allow immigrants to sponsor relatives
Discourage: Immigration quotas, bans on chain migration, or limits on sponsoring family members
Arian's step dad is from...
What is Transnational Migration? Give an example.
When people live and work across national borders while maintaining strong connections to their home country
Benefits and drawbacks of transnational migration for the home country?
Home country benefits: Receives remittances which help families and local economies
Home Country drawbacks: May loose skilled workers and families can be separated for long periods of time
How does friction of distance help explain patterns of internal migration?
Friction of distance means that the farther a place is, the more effort, cost, and time it takes to get there. This helps explain why most internal migration is over short distances, people are more likely to move nearby unless they have strong reasons to go farther.
How might climate change increase forced migration in the future?
Rising sea levels, extreme weather, droughts, and food shortages could force people to leave unlivable areas, especially in coastal or low-income regions. Climate migrants may not be legally recognized as refugees, which creates new humanitarian and policy challenges.