American Revolution
What group of people remained loyal to Britain and fled to British North America after the American Revolution?
The Loyalists
Which two countries were primarily at war during the War of 1812?
Britain and the USA
What were the two main colonies that would eventually become much of present-day Ontario and Quebec?
Upper and Lower Canada
In which years did the rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada take place?
1837-1838
What 1774 British law expanded the boundaries of Quebec and protected the practice of Catholicism, angering many American colonists?
The Quebec Act of 1774. It expanded Quebec's territory into the Ohio Valley region and protected Catholic religious practice, among other provisions.
What Indigenous leader formed an alliance with the British to resist American expansion into Indigenous territory?
Tecumseh
Which colony was separated from Nova Scotia in 1784 following the arrival of many American Loyalists?
New Brunswick
What political group dominated the government of Upper Canada and was criticized for protecting its own power and interests?
The Family Compact. It was a small, powerful group of wealthy and influential individuals who dominated Upper Canada's political and administrative institutions.
Approximately how many Loyalists settled in British North America following the American Revolution, and what major change did this population bring?
Approximately 30,000–40,000 Loyalists settled in British North America.
Their arrival greatly increased the English-speaking population, particularly in Nova Scotia and Quebec, and contributed to the creation of New Brunswick and Upper Canada.
Which British general and military leader became famous for his role in defending Upper Canada before dying at the Battle of Queenston Heights?
Sir Isaac Brock
What was the name of the large territory controlled through the Hudson's Bay Company's royal charter, where the fur trade was a major economic activity?
Rupert's Land
Who led the rebellion in Lower Canada, and what political movement did he represent?
Louis-Joseph Papineau, who led the Patriote movement in Lower Canada and demanded political reform and greater control over the colonial government.
What major constitutional act in 1791 divided the Province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada, and why was this division introduced?
The Constitutional Act of 1791. It divided Quebec partly to accommodate the growing English-speaking Loyalist population in the west while preserving French Canadian institutions in the east.
What was the outcome of the Treaty of Ghent in 1814, and what did it mean for British North America?
The Treaty of Ghent ended the war in 1814. It largely restored the pre-war boundaries and returned conquered territory. British North America remained under British control, and the conflict helped strengthen a sense of shared identity and resistance to American expansion.
What major river system connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean and was essential for transportation, settlement, and trade in Upper and Lower Canada?
The St. Lawrence River
What was the name of Lord Durham's 1839 report, and what two major political changes did it recommend?
The Durham Report. It recommended the union of Upper and Lower Canada and the introduction of responsible government.