Sodium
What is the normal range for sodium?
What is 135-145
What organ is responsible for excreting 80% of the body's potassium?
What is the kidneys?
(through urine)
What group of individuals is at risk for chronic calcium loss?
What is the medical term for fluid volume deficit?
What is the medical term for fluid volume excess?
What is hypervolemia
Complete this statement: Where sodium goes____ Follows
What is water?
Two things to remember about administering IV potassium
What is... never give IM, SC, OR IVP
Must be diluted
Normal calcium level
What is 9-11
If a patient loses 2.2lbs or 1kg how much body fluid loss does that equal?
What is 1000ml or 1L
What are objective cardiac findings of fluid volume excess?
What is bounding pulse (rate and quality)increased BP, distended neck veins (JVD) and weight gain
two symptoms of hypernatremia
What is Edema, distended jugular veins, shortness of breath, crackles, increased urine output
What EKG changes would you see in hyperkalemia?
What is Tall spiked T waves (prolonnged PR interval, wide QRS complex, flat or absent T waves)
Tetany is?
what is involuntary muscle contractions
happens in hypocalcemia
Name two solutions that can be used to correct fluid volume loss? *hint* Isotonic solutions
What adventitious lung sounds might you auscultate on this patient?
What is moist crackles
two symptoms of hyponatremia
What is thirst, oliguria, concentrated urine, flat neck veins, decreased cap refill
Name 3 foods high in potassium
What is avocados, broccoli and bananas (meats, dairy products, dried fruit, mushrooms, spinach, beans, peas, potatoes, orange juice)
What cardiac symptoms would you see in hypocalcemia?
What is low BP abnormal heart rate
Objective cardiac findings of fluid volume deficit
Low BP, increased heart rate
In this patient what are we assessing for every 2 hours
What is pulmonary edema (bounding pulse, increase neck vein distention, crackles in lungs, pitting edema, reduced urine output)
How much of the body is made up of water
What is 60%
What diuretic can lead to hypokalemia?
What is Furosemide
When treating hypercalcemia what IV fluids would you suspect your patient to be on?
What is normal saline (0.9% saline, this is an isotonic solution)
What electrolytes are found in lactated ringers?
What is sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride
What lab values may be decreased in hypervolemia?
What is hemoglobin, hematocrit and proteins