List/Fill in the blank
List the properties of minerals
-color
-density
-shape
-lustre
-hardness
Transport
When water and wind carry the eroded materials from one place to another
Hardness
how easily scratched the mineral is (not easily scratched = hard; easily scratched = soft)
How are igneous rocks formed?
The slow cooling of magma. They come to the surface when the crust erodes.
When lava (magma that has reached the earth’s surface) from volcanoes cools very quickly.Where am I from?
The US
What are some uses of minerals?
-to obtain metals
-to make jewelry
-to obtain other substances like salt, graphite, etc.
-to make electronic components
Minerals
natural materials that make up most rocks
Rocks
the materials that make up the geosphere. They are made up of one or more minerals.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
By an accumulation of sediments over thousands of years. Some contain fossils (remains of living things trapped in sediments).
What’s my dog’s name?
Pachaaaaaa
Underwater volcanoes can create _____.
Islands
Erosion
when materials from rocks and soil are removed by two agents (water and wind)
Lustre
the shininess of rocks (ex: pyrite is very shiny; talc has no lustre)
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
From other rocks that were transformed due to heat or pressure. (They don’t melt; some contain fossils)
True or False: The formation of a volcano is a slow process.
False. It’s a sudden process.
Rivers and streams erode to form _____.
Valleys
Deposition
When materials settle when the water or wind stops. These materials are called sediments.
Depression
Give me one example for each type of rock (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic)
Igneous: granite, gabbro, basalt, pumice
Sedimentary: clay, limestone, coal, petroleum
Metamorphic: slate, marble
How are mountain ranges formed?
When the Earth’s internal energy causes parts of the crust to rise. It takes millions of years.
What are some uses for rocks? List three and give one example for each.
-to obtain energy (natural gas, petrol, diesel fuel from petroleum and use them in transport)
-construction (clay to make bricks and tiles; marble and granite to make buildings)
-industry (obtain manufactured products such as plastics, paints, and fertilizers from petroleum)
Define and order the three parts of the geosphere
crust - outermost layer (life exists here)
Mantle - layer below the crust (temp. very high, molten rocks/magma here)
Core - innermost part (outer core is molten, inner core is solid)
Define and order the three parts of the outer spheres of the Earth
atmosphere - layer of gasses that surround the earth; made up of air (rain, snow, and wind form here)
Biosphere - all living things and ecosystems
Hydrosphere - all of earth’s waters
How do rocks break down? Give examples (4).
-frost (if water freezes in the rocks’ cracks)
-chemical substances
-heat
-living things (roots of plants grow in the rocks’ cracksWhat’s the difference between quarries and mines?
Quarries: open-pits; excavate from the surface of the crust; granite is extracted
Mines: excavations deep underground with shafts and tunnels; coal is extracted