Layers of the Earth
This is the second layer of the Earth from outermost to innermost.
What is the Mantle?
The scientist who proposed the theory of continental drift.
Who is Alfred Wegener?
Without this scientist who used sonar technology to map the ocean floor, we would not have the theory of plate tectonics.
Who is Harry Hess?
This landform is created when two pieces of continental tectonic plates COLLIDE. Include the name of the boundary as well as the name of the feature.
What is Mountain and Convergent Boundary?
The "ingredients of rocks" that are all solid, made of atoms, crystal-shaped, naturally-occurring, and inorganic.
What are Minerals?
This list provides the descending order of Earth’s layers by thickness.
What is Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core, Crust?
Alfred Wegener used matching mountain ranges, climate clues, and these ancient plant and animal remains to prove his theory.
What are Fossils?
According to the theory of plate tectonics, this is where plates meet and where events such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
What are Plate Boundaries?
At a mid-ocean ridge, where plates DIVIDE and move away from each other, new seafloor is formed __________ (closest/farthest) from the ridge, while old seafloor is destroyed __________ (closest/farthest) from the ridge.
What is closest, farthest?
Name one mineral property scientists use to identify minerals.
What is Hardness, Streak, Cleavage, Fracture, Reactivity to HCl, or Luster?
This layer of the Earth contains tectonic plates which interact and may cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
What is the Crust?
Wegener's evidence led him to believe that 300 million years ago, all continents were joined together in this single supercontinent.
What is Pangea?
This is the process where magma rises up at mid-ocean ridges, cools to form new oceanic crust, and pushes the old ocean floor outward. AKA the HOW of continental drift that completed the theory of plate tectonics.
What is seafloor spreading?
Subduction occurs and volcanoes can form when an _________ plate moves or DIVES under a _________ plate at a _________ boundary.
What is Oceanic, Continental/Oceanic, Convergent?
A mineral known for its reactivity to HCl acid. It also has a hardness of 3, a white streak, and has a rhombus cleavage. Makes up the rock limestone.
What is Calcite?
The layer of the Earth that you would be in if you drilled a hole to 12km deep.
What is Crust?
Wegener noticed that the coastlines and rock layers of South America perfectly matched up with the coastline of this eastern continent.
What is Africa?
The movement of Earth's tectonic plates is driven by this type of heat transfer occurring deep within the mantle.
What is Convection/Convection Currents?
You will find these two main geologic events at the interactions of plate boundaries.
What are Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions?
When a mineral breaks into pieces into its crystalline structure in perfect shapes or along flat planes/straight edges, it is said to exhibit ___________.
What is Cleavage?
The order of Earth’s layers by temperature and density from outermost to innermost.
What is Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core?
Even though Alfred Wegener had evidence like fossils and matching coastlines, scientists originally rejected his theory because he could not explain this.
What is the Mechanism/HOW the continents moved?
Tectonic plates are broken, floating pieces of this rigid layer that includes the crust and upper part of the mantle.
What is the Lithosphere?
This ocean floor feature is created at a point where an oceanic plate subducts underneath another plate.
What is a Trench?
A mineral which is hard enough to scratch steel, which has a hardness of 6.5, is also hard enough to scratch what other materials often used in a hardness test? You MUST include the hardness of the material to receive points.
What is a Fingernail (2.5), Copper (3), or glass (5.5)?