1
What causes a wind?
differences in air pressure
Which wind system flows from east to west between 30 degrees N and 30 degrees S latitude
trade winds
What happens during upwelling in the ocean?
Cold, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface
Approximately how long does it take to complete one cycle of the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt?
1000 years
Describe how warm air behaves
warm air rises
Which wind system flows from east to west near the North and South Poles?
polar easterlies
In which direction do gyres (circular ocean current systems) move in the Southern Hemisphere?
couterclockwise
Why do winds blow stronger over open ocean than over land?
There is less friction over the ocean
Describe how cool ai behaves
cool air sinks
What causes moving air to appear to curve in the Northern Hemisphere?
Coriolis effect
In which direction do gyres (circular ocean current systems) move in the Northern Hemisphere?
clockwise
What happens when wind meets a mountain or other high feature?
The wind is forced upward and over it
The Earth has convection cells which helps air circulate globally. How many cells are in the Northern Hemisphere and how many are in the Southern Hemisphere?
3 in each
A _________________ current occurs when Moving air drags the surface of the water, causing it to move.
surface current
What drives the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt?
Density currents in the North Atlantic Ocean and Southern Ocean
________ is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles within matter
convection
Which wind system flows from west to east between latitudes 30°N and 60°N?
prevailing westerlies
A _______________________ current is the ertical movement of water caused by differences in density
density currrent
What factors influence the direction and speed of ocean currents?
Wind systems, the Coriolis effect, and the shapes of continents and landmasses
Explain how density differences (caused by temperature and salinity) produce deep ocean currents.
Colder and saltier water is denser and sinks, while warmer or fresher water is less dense and rises; these vertical motions, combined with horizontal flows, create density-driven deep currents