Feudalism
Who owned and controlled large areas of land during the Middle Ages?
A lord
What did Pope Urban II call for to gain control of the Holy Land?
A holy war.
In what year did the Hundred Years’ War begin?
1337
Which battle took place on 14 October 1066?
The Battle of Hastings
Where did the bubonic plague begin before spreading to other regions?
Asia
What was the name of the person who received land (a fief) from a lord in exchange for loyalty and service?
A vassal
What was the outcome of the First Crusade?
The Crusaders captured Jerusalem
Who claimed the right to the French throne as the grandson of Philip IV after the last Capetian king died without a successor?
Edward III
Who signed the Magna Carta in 1215?
King John of England
What is another name for the bubonic plague?
The Black Death
After the kings, who were the most powerful people in the feudalism pyramid?
Nobles and bishops.
Why did the Europeans start the Third Crusade?
They started to recapture Jerusalem
What weapon did the English introduce that showed its power in three significant battles during the Hundred Years’ War?
Longbow
During the reign of which king were juried courts created?
Henry II
What was the split in the Church called that created a division between rival popes?
Great Schism
What was the church tax that peasant families had to pay to the village priest called?
A tithe
Which city did the knights loot instead of reaching the Holy Land during the Fourth Crusade?
Constantinople
Who was the teenage French peasant girl who led France against the English and supported Charles VII?
Joan of Arc
Who called the Estates-General in France?
King Philip IV
Who reunited western Europe and became the most powerful king by 800, spreading Christianity through his conquests?
Charlemagne
What were the people called who could not lawfully leave the place where they were born?
Serfs.
What was the long effort by the Spanish to drive the Muslims out of Spain called?
Reconquista
Who won the Hundred Years’ War?
France
Who created the English Parliament?
King Edward I
Who, including bishops and priests, fell under the pope’s authority in the Church?
Clergy