Biomechanics
State the 3 planes of movement in the body
Sagittal, frontal and transverse
Name the characteristics of skilled performance
Anticipation, kinaesthetic awareness, consistency, technical execution
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant , time
Name the macros
Carbs, proteins, fats
What is the FITT Formula
The FITT formula can be used to gradually increase aspects of a training plans in order to see progression. It is composed of 4 different elements: Frequency, intensity, time & type.
●A lever is a rigid structure which rotates around a pivot point (fulcrum). Levers consist of 3 parts: Fulcrum, load and effort.
●Fulcrum is the part of the lever that pivots. Body joints e.g elbow or knee joint are often the fulcrum
Load is the object or resistance that opposes movement. In a bicep curl, the weight is the load
Effort is the force needed to be applied to move an object e.g the bicep muscles apply effort to lift the radius and ulna bones in the lower arm to lift the weight in a bicep curl.
Explain and give a sporting example of kinaesthetic awareness
Athletes who display kinaesthetic awareness demonstrate an impressive understanding and feel for their body position during various sporting movements.
A soccer player uses kinaesthetic awareness when knowing when to shoot for a goal
Explain Fitts and Posners model of learning
Refer to stages of learning, cognitive, associative, autonomous
Name the 3 energy systems used by the body
ATP-PC
Anaerobic glycotic system
Aerobic system
Name 3 methods of training
Circuit, Fartlek, continuous, plyometrics, Intervals, HITT, Flexibility training, weight training
Explain the three classes of levers, how are they categories and give an example of each
First class levers, Second class , Third class
Levers are categorised based on where the Fulcrum (F), Load (L) and Effort (E) are situated.
1st class-the fulcrum is in the middle of the load and the effort e.g seesaw or heading a ball in soccer
2nd class: Load is in the middle of the fulcrum and the effort e.g calf raise
3rd class: The effort is placed in the middle of the fulcrum and the load. E.g bicep curl
What is a skill continua
A skill continuum situates skills on a linear scale according to their features. It helps to describe the nature of skills.
What is the standard distance of an Olympic size swimming pool
50m
What is the function of protein
growth and repair
Define periodisation
the division of the a training year (macrocycles) into smaller and more manageable intervals or training phases ( known as mesocycles & microcycles) with the goal of managing all aspects of training to bring an athlete to peak performance at competition time
Explain the difference between vectors and scalars
Vectors are quantities which have both magnitude and direction.
Scalars are one dimensional and are quantities which have magnitude only.
Skill vs ability
Skills are learned coordinated movement patterns which achieve a specific outcome.
Abilities are the stable traits that determine a person potential to learn new skills. They are the foundations for the development of skills. Are genetic & to an extent predetermined
What are the aerobic zones
measure the intensity at which the body is using its aerobic metabolism to produce energy from fat & glycogen
Function of carbs and what's the difference between fast acting and slow acting carbs. Give an example
release of energy
involves stressing the body beyond its usual physiological levels over time. The body will adapt to the new demands each time, allowing for improvements
Occurs when the efforts of training diminish due to a pause in training or a lack of progression. ‘Use it or lose it’
Explain Newtons 3 Laws and give an example
Law of Inertia: states that objects that are stationary with balanced forces acting on them will stay at rest and an object which is moving with equal forces acting on it will stay in constant motion unless acted on by an external force e.g when a golfer plays a golf ball on the tee, the ball will remain on the tee until an external force moves it. The external force could be the wind or the club head swung by the golfer.
Law of acceleration: a body in motion will only change velocity when acted on by an external force. It is proportional to the external force applied.
Law of reaction: States that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction E.g A Gaelic footballer attempting to catch a kick-out will generate a force into the ground. The ground will produce a counterforce, propelling the athlete into the air.
Explain creative application of skill and give an example.
Creative application of skill is when a skill is performed in a way which is both technically impressive and aesthetically pleasing. It can be seen when athletes combine highly skilled movement patterns with creativity, innovation and brilliance. A good example of creative application of skill is the 'Paneka' technique for a penalty kick
Give 2 symptoms of overtraining
mood swings, loss of appetite. persistent fatigue, lack of focus, muscle soreness, frequent colds and infections, sleep issues
explain what carb-loading is and what are the benefits of it
increase the glycogen store in the body-eating more carbohydrate heavy foods than normal
Benefits: boosts energy stores for endurance competitions like marathons, reduces fatigue and boosts stamina, also aids muscle repair
Explain what is meant by recovery and give 3 examples
Sleep, naps, sufficient nutrition, foam rolling, cold water immersion, contrast bathing, active recovery, compression clothing, tapering