What is a Mineral?
Name 2 examples of minerals.
Fedespar, Quartz, Gypsim, Fluorite etc
What is a rock?
Rocks are natural solids which contain one or more types of minerals. They can also have parts of dead living things.
How are landforms shaped?
The Earth's relief is the result of the action of internal and external geological processes.
Most of the materials we use in our daily lives are obtained from _____ and ______.
rocks/minerals
What are three external geological agents that create different landforms?
Surface water, underground water, wind, glaciers, seas, living things
What are the characteristics of a mineral?
natural, solid, and inorganic
What are the three classification of rocks?
Igneous Rocks, Sedimentary Rocks, Metamorphic Rocks.
What are the different internal geological processes?
Earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of mountain ranges
What is mining?
The extraction of minerals and rocks from the ground or sea.
What are the three types of geological processes?
Erosion, transportation, and deposition.
What are two physical properties of minerals?
colour, lustre, magnetism, hardness
What are Igneous Rocks?
They are formed when magma and lava cools down and becomes solid.
What are earthquakes?
Sudden shakes of the ground due to the release of the Earth's internal energy or shifting of tectonic plates.
What are two types of mining?
Underground, surface mining and deep sea mining.
What is erosion?
This is the wearing down of rocks and soil by the action of water, ice, particles in the air and living things. For example, rain erodes rocks for over millions of years.
What are the differences between silicates and non - silicates?
Silicates contain silicon and oxygen, while non-silicates do not contain silicon and oxygen.
What are Sedimentary Rocks?
Formed from fragments of other rocks or parts of dead living things such as shells or skeletons.
These landforms are found on land and beneath the sea. The release lava and molten rock.
Volcanoes
What's the difference between Underground and Surface mining?
Underground mining is used to extract minerals or rocks that are found deep in the ground while surface mining is used to extract minerals or rocks near the surface.
What is transportation? Provide an example.
The movement of eroded materials from one place to another. For example, dust storms that transport dust from the Sahara desert to Spain.
What is the solid layer of the earth made of?
Rocks and minerals.
What are Metamorphic Rocks?
These are Igneous or Sedimentary rocks which have been changed after they were subjected to heat or pressure or both.
What are Mountain Ranges?
Landforms created when pieces of the Earth's crust, called plates, smash against each other and push upwards
Give to examples as to how we can promote sustainable mining.
1. Recycle minerals.
2. Regenerate and reclaim environments that have been mined.
3. Live lifestyles that are less dependent on materials that require minerals.
What is deposition? Provide an example.
This is the accumulation, in a specific place, of eroded materials. For example, a sand dune.