Explorers
This Portuguese noble funded voyages down Africa's west coast but never sailed himself.
Who is Henry the Navigator?
These three words are often used to summarize Spanish motives for exploring.
What are God, gold, and glory?
Portugal controlled Indian Ocean trade mainly by fortifying and defending these.
What are trading ports/forts?
This exchange of plants, animals, people, and disease between the Americas and the rest of the world followed 1492.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This conquistador defeated the Aztec Empire.
Who is Hernán Cortés?
This explorer was the first European to round the southern tip of Africa.
Who is Bartolomeu Dias?
This economic system held that a nation's power depended on accumulating resources and controlling trade.
What is mercantilism?
This type of business pooled investors' money to reduce the financial risk of expensive overseas expeditions.
What is a charter company?
Name two crops that traveled FROM the Americas to the rest of the world.
What are potatoes, maize/corn, and/or tomatoes?
This conquistador defeated the Inca Empire.
Who is Francisco Pizarro?
This explorer reached India by sea, opening a direct route for Portugal.
Who is Vasco da Gama?
European merchants wanted a direct sea route to Asia mainly to cut out these people, who raised prices along overland routes.
What are middlemen?
This Dutch company monopolized the spice trade in the Indian Ocean.
What is the VOC?
This deadly "cargo" traveled from Europe to the Americas and devastated Indigenous populations with no immunity.
What is disease — smallpox/measles?
This forced-labor system in Spanish colonies made Indigenous people work in mines and fields for colonists.
What is the encomienda system?
This voyage was the first to circumnavigate the globe, though its leader died partway through.
Who is Ferdinand Magellan?
This island region in present-day Indonesia was a major target of European competition.
What are the Spice Islands / Moluccas?
This British company started as a trading company but eventually became a ruler over large parts of India.
What is the EIC?
In this trade route, manufactured goods, enslaved Africans, and raw materials/cash crops moved among Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
What is the triangular trade?
This term describes a religion that blends two or more belief systems, like West African traditions with Catholicism.
What is syncretism?
This mapmaker realized the lands Columbus reached weren't part of Asia — a continent now bears his name.
Who is Amerigo Vespucci?
Name one navigation or shipbuilding improvement (besides better maps) that made long ocean voyages possible.
What is the caravel, compass, or astrolabe?
This term describes an empire built on a network of fortified ports to control trade, rather than large conquered territories.
What is a trading post empire?
This pass, sold by the Portuguese, required ships in the Indian Ocean to pay for permission to trade.
What is a cartaz?
Name a syncretic religion that developed from blending West African traditions with Catholicism in the Americas.
What is Santería or Vodou?