Causes of the Seven Years' War
Why did the 7 years' war start and who was involved?
The 7 years' war was a war fought between the French and the British for control of land and commerce. The French, British, and First Nations were involved.
How many troops did the British send from England?
The British sent 20,000 troops
Why did Chief Pontiac lead a rebellion?
It was to avoid the invasion of British colonists. Chief Pontiac persuaded Ohio Country tribes to join him to revolt against the British by organizing a rebellion.
What conditions did the French propose and why did they propose them?
The French proposed their conditions in a document called "Articles of Capitulation". They were to protect the future of all residents in New France, including the Canadiens, Acadians, and First nations.
When was the Royal Proclamation created and who created it?
The Royal Proclamation was created in 1763. It was created by King George R., or King George the III.
How did Benjamin Franklin force and ultimatum on the British Colonies?
He made a cartoon that shows pieces of a snake labelled with initials that represent some British Colonies. It said "Join or Die."
What strategy did the British use and why?
The British used Traditional line Formation. The British believed this was an honorable way to fight; to face your opponent head-on.
Why and what are some things the British limited the First Nations from doing after the war?
The British monarch's representative, Governor-General Jeffery Amherst, did not feel it was necessary to establish relationships with First Nations. As a result, they no longer paid established prices for First Nations goods. Furthermore, First Nations' access to European goods like as weapons, tools, and clothing were restricted.
In 1768, who replaced James Murray?
Sir Guy Carleton replaced James Murray and became Governor of Québec in 1768.
What was announced in the Royal Proclamation?
The proclamation announced that the British were taking over the government of Québec.
How does Mercantilism work and how did Europe use it?
Mercantilism works when you sell your own products to other countries but limit what you buy for them. Europeans bought tea and spices from India, sugar from the West Indies, and fish, grain, timber, and tobacco from North America. Europeans sell Gold and Silver from their own countries.
What was the Guerrilla warfare tactic?
Guerrilla Warfare was a strategy in which small groups of people carried out surprise attacks.
What did the Senecas use to send secret war messages and how was it initially used?
The secret war messages were delivered in the shape of wampum battle belts. It was sent to nearby Delaware, Shawnee, and Huron nations. Initially, Wampum is a type of shell bead that is utilized as currency by various First Nations.
What option did the British choose to govern the French - speaking and Roman Catholic?
The British planned to move many of the British settlers to make them fit into or assimilate to the British way of life.
How did Guy Carleton influence the Quebec Act?
Guy Carleton worked to keep French culture and laws preserved. He promoted the Catholic Church and appointed many Canadians to government positions. He believed that many french laws governing civilians should be reestablished. For four years, he worked to persuade the British government to change the laws in order to maintain harmony. Guy Carleton's efforts were successful.
Why did the British try to capture Ohio Valley; specifically, Fort Duquesne?
The France and British tried to capture Fort Duquesne and Ohio Valley because it was surrounded by rivers and fertile soil. Fort Duquesne specifically was surrounded by the Ohio River, the Monongahela River and cornfields. These attributes were good for trading routes, fur trade and settlements.
What did the Ojibwe gain from their alliances with the French?
The French helped the Ojibwe in obtaining European goods. Along with receiving presents (such as guns, tools, and clothes). The Ojibwe saw the French gifts as important symbols of respect and collaboration.
Why was the treaty of Paris signed?
The Treaty of Paris of 1763 was signed to bring the Seven Years' War between the British and the French, as well as their respective allies, to an end. According to the terms of the treaty, France surrendered all its North American territories, removing any military danger to the British colonies there.
What was the Oath of Allegiance?
The oath of Allegiance was a public declaration of loyalty to the British King. This means the French promised to be good and loyal citizens and follow the new British rules.
What were some of the powers that the French got restored in the Quebec Act?
1: Guarantee of religious freedom
2: Allowance for Catholics to hold political positions without giving up their religion
3: Restoration of the French civil law system while maintaining British criminal law
4: Expansion of French territory, but into lands that were established for First Nations
Where and When did the Seven Years War take place?
The Seven Years War mainly took place in North America. Officially, the war starts in 1756 and ends in 1763. But, many historians consider the battle for Fort Duquesne in 1754 led by George Washington the start of the 7 years war.
What was Britain’s new strategy to take over New France and capture French forts?
Britain started sending a lot more money and troops to North America. This is how Britain began to capture key French forts one by one, including Fortress Louisbourg, Fort Frontenac, and Fort Duquesne
How did the first nations deceive the British by attacking on Fort Michilimackinac?
They played a game known as bag'gat'iway. Hundreds of Odawa, Ojibwe, and allies gathered to play. The British recognized the game's cultural value to the First Nations. Since colonists had become familiar with seeing this game played throughout large regions, these sudden attacks frequently took the British off guard.
What were the options British had to govern a colony where most people were French-speaking and Roman Catholic and What did each option mean?
1. Expulsion - force them to leave
2. Preservation - Allow the French to keep their and First Nations to keep their law, language, religion, etc.
3. Isolation - Create separate areas for French, British, and First Nations where they rule on their own
4. Assimilation - Force the French and First Nations to become British subjects
5. Biculturalism - Allow both British and French cultures to co-exist.
Why was the treaty of Niagara important?
It was known as the great peace of 1964. The British vowed to keep settlers out of the Ohio Valley under the terms of the Treaty. The wampum belt symbolized and preserved the agreements signed.