7.10 Immunity - Respiratory System
Alveoli
end in air sacs
Bronchioles
divided into the smallest branches
Cilia
moistens the air and helps trap pathogens and dirt. Tiny, hairlike structures
Expiration
When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
Inspiration
process of breathing in air.
Bronchi
continue to divide into smaller and smaller bronchi until, finally, they divide into the smallest branches
cellular respiration
The cells then use the oxygen and nutrients to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide
Epiglottis
special leaflike piece of cartilage, closes the opening into the larynx during swallowing. Prevents food and liquids from entering the respiratory tract.
external respiration
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and bloodstream
internal respiration
the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the tissue cells and the bloodstream.
Larynx
called “voice box” lies between the pharynx and trachea. It has nine layers of cartilage.
Lungs
the respiratory system consists of the lungs
Nasal cavities
divides the nose into two hollow spaces
nasal septum
A wall of cartilage
Nose
a bony framework and cartilage with skin covering this framework.
Pharynx
or throat, lies directly behind the nasal cavities
Pleura
Each lung is enclosed fre in a membrane, or sac
Respiration
This process of inspiration and expiration is known as respiration and is controlled at the respiratory center in the medulle oblongata of the brain
respiratory system
this system is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells, and removing carbon dioxide, a gas that is a metabolic waste product produced by the cells. The body has only a 4-6-minute supply of oxygen
Sinuses
lined with a mucous membrane that warms and moistens air.
Tranchea
(windpipe) is a tube extending from the larynx to the center of the chest.
Ventilation
the process of breathing.