Anatomy & Physiology
These two sections make up the respiratory system: one filters and warms air; the other performs gas exchange.
What are the upper and lower airways?
This age group has normal vitals of HR 120–160 and RR 30–60
What are infants?
This maneuver opens the airway in an unresponsive patient with no suspected spinal injury.
What is the head-tilt/chin-lift?
This term describes an abnormally slow respiratory rate in adults.
What is bradypnea?
BSI, scene safety, MOI/NOI, number of patients, and resources are steps in this process
What is the scene size-up?
This heart chamber sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
What is the right ventricle?
Geriatric patients commonly experience depression, dementia, and decreased coping abilities—these are examples of what type of change?
What are psychological changes?
This airway adjunct is used only when the patient is unconscious with no gag reflex.
What is an OPA?
This term describes an abnormally fast respiratory rate in adults
What is tachypnea?
Speed of impact, height of a fall, and weapon type are used to determine this
What is the mechanism of injury?
These structures in the brain regulate the rate and depth of breathing.
What are the medulla oblongata and pons?
This age group is more prone to hypothermia and has subtle early signs of shock.
What are pediatric patients?
Gurgling, visible secretions, or inability to clear the airway indicate the need for this.
What is suctioning?
The normal adult respiratory rate falls within this range
What is 12–20 breaths per minute?
Gloves, eye protection, masks, and gowns are examples of these
What are standard precautions?
This system contains 206 bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and skeletal muscles.
What is the musculoskeletal system?
Rapid growth, hormonal changes, and increased metabolic rate characterize this developmental stage.
What is adolescence?
These three actions—look, listen, and feel—are used to evaluate this.
What is airway patency?
The proper BVM technique uses the E-C clamp and delivers 10–12 breaths per minute with visible chest rise
What is bag-valve-mask ventilation?
A visual sweep, asking bystanders, and checking dispatch help determine this
What is the number of patients?
During stress, this gland releases epinephrine and norepinephrine as part of the fight-or-flight response.
What is the adrenal medulla?
Decreased lung elasticity and weaker respiratory muscles occur in this population.
Who are geriatric patients?
Hypoxia, aspiration, and tissue trauma can occur when this is managed improperly.
What is the airway?
Cyanosis, no chest rise, SpO₂ below 94%, and AMS are signs of this
What is inadequate ventilation?
Hazmat scenes, multiple patients, or need for technical rescue requires this action
What is requesting additional resources?