Russia's Nuclear Power
This treaty, signed by Russia in 1968, aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and promote disarmament.
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
This arms control treaty, signed in 2010 between the U.S. and Russia, limits the number of deployed nuclear warheads and delivery systems.
New START Treaty
The strategic location of these Russian missile bases, close to NATO countries and Ukraine, is seen as a deterrent against Western powers
Yedrovo, Kozelsk, and Pervomaysk
This Russian missile, tested in violation of the INF Treaty, is an example of challenges in enforcing nuclear arms control agreements.
9M729 missile
Russia’s modernization of its nuclear arsenal is seen as a countermeasure to this alliance's expansion.
NATO
This is the number of nuclear warheads Russia possesses as of 2024, making it the largest nuclear arsenal in the world.
5,580
This treaty, signed in 1987 between the U.S. and the Soviet Union (and later Russia), aimed at eliminating intermediate-range nuclear missiles but has been undermined by Russia's actions.
The INF Treaty
This country’s actions in Crimea in 2014 significantly escalated tensions with NATO, leading to sanctions and heightened military responses.
Russia
This challenge arises due to the inability of treaties like the NPT and New START to address new nuclear technologies, such as tactical nuclear weapons and hypersonic missiles
the gap in treaty coverage
The growth of nuclear weapons in countries like North Korea, Pakistan, and China is a direct challenge to this international treaty.
the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
This Russian nuclear site, located near the Caspian Sea, is a key missile test site.
Kapustin Yar
Russia has signed this treaty aimed at banning all nuclear tests, but it has not ratified it, raising questions about its commitment to disarmament
the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
This international organization’s role is primarily to oversee civilian nuclear activities, but it does not have authority over military nuclear programs like Russia's.
the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
This treaty, while reducing the number of warheads, faces an uncertain future due to political tensions and military developments.
New START Treaty
These types of nuclear weapons, often carried by Russia’s hypersonic missiles, have escalated concerns over global security
tactical nuclear weapons
The push for modernization of these types of weapons in Russia is a response to global competition and tensions with NATO.
hypersonic missiles
These treaties have had mixed success in reducing nuclear stockpiles, but they fail to address modern threats like hypersonic weapons
NPT and New START Treaty
This is the term for the ongoing competition between nuclear-armed countries, often associated with fears of nuclear escalation.
arms race
This is the core reason why existing arms control frameworks may no longer be effective in addressing Russia’s nuclear modernization efforts.
the advancement of new nuclear technologies
This key concept describes the global security strategy of deterring a nuclear attack by maintaining the ability to respond with overwhelming nuclear force.
nuclear deterrence