1
What was the primary goal of the major powers at the Congress of Vienna in 1814–1815?
A. To spread Enlightenment ideas across the continent
B. To establish a balance of power to ensure long-term peace
C. To help smaller nationalities form their own independent states
D. To encourage the growth of laissez-faire capitalism
B. To establish a balance of power to ensure long-term peace
How did the Congress of Vienna deal with the territory of France?
A. It expanded French borders to include parts of Poland
B. It allowed France to keep all territories conquered by Napoleon
C. It returned France to its 1789 borders to limit its resources and aggression
D. It divided France into four separate military occupation zones
C. It returned France to its 1789 borders to limit its resources and aggression
. Prince Klemens von Metternich is described as a leader who:
A. Advocated for the rights of the middle class
B. Supported the unification of Italy and Spain
C. Used military force to suppress liberal revolts and protests
D. Encouraged the transition from absolute monarchies to republics
C. Used military force to suppress liberal revolts and protests
According to the text, what was a key difference between Liberals and Conservatives in the 1800s?
A. Liberals supported absolute monarchies; Conservatives supported republics
B. Liberals believed in natural rights and limited government; Conservatives supported the old social order and established churches
C. Liberals wanted a strict social order; Conservatives wanted laissez-faire capitalism
D. Liberals opposed the Enlightenment; Conservatives celebrated it
B. Liberals believed in natural rights and limited government; Conservatives supported the old social order and established churches
Which social group was most closely associated with the rise of liberalism and the demand for property rights?
A. The landed nobility
B. The rural serfs
C. The bourgeoisie (middle class)
D. The military class (samurai)
C. The bourgeoisie (middle class)
Why did Belgium become independent from the Netherlands in 1831?
A. The Dutch King abdicated peacefully to join the Quintuple Alliance
B. Belgian nationalists and liberals revolted against the conservative Dutch government
C. The Congress of Vienna explicitly granted them independence in 1815
D. Russia sent 90,000 troops to help the Belgians overthrow the King
B. Belgian nationalists and liberals revolted against the conservative Dutch government
. Otto von Bismarck sought to unify Germany through a policy known as:
A. "Peace and Prosperity"
B. "The Great Restoration"
C. "Blood and Iron"
D. "National Seclusion"
C. "Blood and Iron"
Which event led to the final unification of the German states into the "Second Reich" in 1871?
A. The creation of the Zollverein customs union
B. The victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War
C. The peaceful negotiations of the Frankfurt National Assembly
D. The assassination of Alexander II
B. The victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War
In Italy, the movement for national unification and the "resurgence" of Italian pride was known as:
A. Carbonari
B. Risorgimento
C. Meiji
D. Duma
B. Risorgimento
What was the "first genocide" mentioned in the text?
A. The Russian pogroms against Jewish populations
B. The suppression of the Hungarian revolt by Franz Joseph I
C. The Turkish campaign to remove and kill 1 to 1.5 million Armenians
D. The massacre of protestors on Bloody Sunday
C. The Turkish campaign to remove and kill 1 to 1.5 million Armenians
What major reform did Tsar Alexander II implement in 1861 to modernize Russia? A. He established the Duma (elected assembly)
B. He emancipated the serfs
C. He converted Russia to a republic
D. He signed the Treaty of Frankfurt
B. He emancipated the serfs
. What was the purpose of Japan's "National Seclusion" (sakoku) policy prior to 1853?
A. To build a massive naval fleet for conquest
B. To protect Japanese culture from foreign influences like Christianity
C. To encourage trade exclusively with Great Britain and France
D. To prepare for the Meiji Restoration
B. To protect Japanese culture from foreign influences like Christianity
What was a major result of the "unequal treaties" signed between Japan and Western powers? A. Japan became a colony of the United States
B. Westerners living in Japan were exempt from Japanese laws
C. Japan was forced to adopt the Russian Orthodox religion
D. The Japanese Emperor was replaced by a permanent American governor
B. Westerners living in Japan were exempt from Japanese laws
The Meiji Restoration was characterized by:
A. A return to isolation and the banning of all Western technology
B. The restoration of power to the Shogun
C. Rapid modernization, industrialization, and the creation of a centralized government
D. The total abolition of the Japanese Emperor's role
C. Rapid modernization, industrialization, and the creation of a centralized government