Unit 4 Vocabulary
What is the term for chromosome pairs, one from each parent, that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content?
Homologous chromosomes
What are the different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus?
Alleles
This organelle makes lipids
Smooth ER
What does tRNA transport during protein synthesis?
Amino Acids
Mendel conducted his genetic experiments using these plants
Pea Plants
type of reproduction involves the combination of genetic material from two parents to create genetically diverse offspring?
Sexual reproduction
What term describes an individual with two identical recessive alleles for a particular gene?
Homozygous Recessive
In order to make Kool-aid I need: sugar, water and packets.
What is the solvent in this scenario?
water
This term describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.
Central Dogma
This Mendelian law explains that genes for different traits segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
Law of Independent Assortment
What term describes the identical copies of a chromosome that are connected by a centromere?
Sister chromatids
A cross between two organisms looking at one trait
Monohybrid cross
The group used for comparison in a laboratory experiment
Control Group
This step of protein synthesis involves the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template.
Transcription
A cross involving two traits, such as seed shape and seed color, is called this type of cross.
Dihybrid
What is the three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon on mRNA?
Anticodon
[DOUBLE] Last week I showed a picture of Sebastian holding two books that he had bought. Name one of those books
Mario/Sing
[DOUBLE] I had Ema as a science student. What science class was she in with me as the teacher?
Enviromental Science
Type of cells that are involved in reproduction (scientific terms)
Gametes
In a dihybrid cross, the possible gametes produced by a heterozygous plant (RrYy) are these combinations
RY, Ry, rY, ry
What is the term for the visual representation of an individual's chromosomes arranged in pairs?
Karyotype
What term describes the genetic makeup of an organism?
Genotype
Proteins have so many different functions, this is because the have four different structure levels, and we know that with proteins, form dictates ______
function
DNA replication is referred to as this type of process, which means each newly synthesized DNA strand contains one original parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.
Semi-conservative
In this type of inheritance, both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype, resulting in the expression of both traits distinctly in heterozygous individuals.
Codominance
What is the term for a chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds that forms the basic structure of a protein?
Polypeptide
What theory states that genes are located on chromosomes, and the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns?
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Two glucose molecules bonded together and formed maltose. This is known as what type of reaction
Dehydration
What type of chromosomes are inherited equally by both males and females?
Autosomes
This Mendelian law states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
Law of Dominance