Glycolysis and Pyruvate Oxidation
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What happens to the citric acid cycle when it is reversed?
It requires energy and generates organic molecules
What molecules are responsible for absorbing light?
Pigments
What are the three phases of the Calvin Cycle?
Carboxylation, Reduction, Regeneration
What is Sawyer's favorite color?
Blue
What are the products of glycolysis?
2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
Where is the electron transport chain in the cell?
Mitochondrial inner membrane
What is produced during the photo phase of photosynthesis?
ATP and NADPH
What two compounds are combined in the first step of carboxylation?
CO2 and RuBP (rubisco)
This neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and limits the damage that could be done by the ROS
Antioxidants
What are the three phases of glycolysis?
Preparatory phase, cleavage phase, payoff phase
What do NADH and FADH2 do in the electron transport chain? (What is their main function/role?)
transfer electrons to other carriers
What happens to electrons when chlorophyll absorbs light?
The electron is elevated to a higher energy state
What happens to the triose phosphates at the end of reduction?
They are exported from chloroplasts to form glucose
What structure connects the two photosystems in photosynthesis?
electron transport chain
How is acetyl-CoA produced?
Pyurvate is oxidized to produce CO2 and NADH, Coenzyme A is added to produce Acetyl-CoA (Pyruvate Oxidation)
A proton gradient is produced in the electron transport chain that powers what?
ATP synthase
Where in the chloroplast is sunglight converting into chemical energy?
Thylakoid membranes
What is produced in the regeneration phase of the Calvin Cycle?
this proposes that a cyanobacterium was engulfed by a eukaryotic cell
Endosymbiotic Theory
True or False: ATP is involved in pyruvate oxidation
False! No energy is used or produced in this phase
What does the citric acid cycle do to the initial glucose molecule (now broken down to acetyl CoA)?
It completes glucose oxidation into CO2, ATP, and NADH and FADH2
This reflects the energy of an electron as it moves from photosystem II to photosystem I
Z Scheme
What happens to the Calvin cycle when there is no light?
It shuts down
Name 1 school that Sawyer is applying to and the name of the program
Purdue, Ohio State, MSU, UofM; Ecology/Evolutionary Biology