pick
Oral medication administration options
Capsule, pill, tablet, extended release,elixir, suspension, syrup
Purpose of medications administration?
to diagnose, treat, cure, relieve, or prevent various health probems
Injectable medication administration options
IM
IV
SC
intradermal
Types of medication orders..
Standing order - routine order carried out until discontinued or canceled.
PRN order - as needed, must have a reason and time frame.
single order - one time order given @ a specific time.
stat order - give the order within 20 minutes or sooner. no exceptions
skin routes of administration
topical - applied/rubbed onto surface of skin
transdermal - stay on skin for period of time for continuous delivery of medication
5 Safety Checks
- Transcription check
- What is the patient allergic to?
- Has the medications or the order expired?
- Has the medication already been given?
- Why is the patient receiving this med?
Metabolism
After the medications reaches the site of action it then becomes metabolized into a less active or an inactive for that is easier to excrete.
mostly in occurring in the liver.
Drug names?
chemical-exact components and molecular structure
Generic- manufacture name that develops drug
Trade- copyright name by company sellers
lab value to refer to when the liver is concerned?
Elevated AST and ALT levels
Therapeutic effect
The desired or predicted psychological effect a medication is expected to have on the body.
Absorption
after a medications is absorbed it is disseminated within the body tissues and organs to its specific site of action.
* name three factors
1. Circulation -
2. membrane permeability -
3, protein binding -
what is GREAT
G- given
R- reason
E-expired
A-allergies
T-transcription check
Topical medication administration options
liniment
lotion
ointment
suppository
transdermal patch
idiosyncratic effect
over reaction or under reaction. could also be a reaction that strays from the normal.
6 Rights Of Medication Administration
Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, right documentation
3 Medication checks
- Upon locating medications
- At the designated workstation, before removing from vial or ampule
- Before giving the medication to the patient (before disposing container, before scanning)
Procedure at the Bedside
1. Ask Name and Date of Birth (DOB)
2. Compare eMAR (Electronic Medication Administering Record)
3. Assess for allergies
side effects and adverse effects
side -
unavoidable secondary effect.
this is a large reason why patients stop taking medications.
adverse -
unintended, undesired, unpredictable
the HCP provider reports the Adverse reactions/effects to the FDA
Classifications of medications administration?
Pharmaceutical classification - refers to the mechanism of action(MOA) physiological effect (PE) and the chemical structure (CS) of the drug.
Therapeutic classification - refers to the clinical indication for the drug or therapeutic action. Example: analgesic, antibiotic, antihypertensive.
oral routes of administration?
Sublingual (placed under the tongue) Buccal (placed in the mouth against the mucous membrane of the cheek)
Buccal (placed in the mouth against the mucous membrane of the cheek)
Don't swallow sublingual or buccal.
Swallowed (tablet, capsule, liquid, suspension) Is the easiest and most common route.
Pharmacokinetics
The process of which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
parental routes of administration
intravenous - into the vein
intramuscular - into the muscle
subcutaneous - into the adipose tissue(fat tissue)
intradermal - injected just below the epidermis tissue to create a bleb (used for PPD, TB test
Drug dose and serum levels
* therapeutic range - concentration of the drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect with out causing toxicity.
*peak levels - concentration is the most elevated level of the drug in the body
*trough level - the point where the drug is at its lowest concentration, indicating the rate of elimination.
*half life - amount of time it takes for 50% of the blood concentration of a drug to be eliminated from the body.
Distribution
after a medications is absorbed it is disseminated within the body tissues and organs to its specific site of action.
* name three factors
1. Circulation -
2. membrane permeability -
3, protein binding -
health care orders continued
CPOE : computerized physician order entry
MD/HCP : completes all drug fields before entering
reduces risk or errors
completes versus incomplete orders.