Microbiology
Bacteriology is the study of
Bacteria
The regulating agency under the Department of Labor that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace is
OSHA
When performing first aid for bleeding wounds, what is the next step after bleeding stops?
apply bandage
The term used to identify anything that occupies space and has weight is called
Matter
Substances of acidic or alkaline nature dissolve in water and/or contain
water
A mixture of two or more kinds of molecules, evenly dispersed, would be a
solution
When looking through a microscope, which portion of the hair would display living cells?
hair bulb
The number of active hair follicles per square inch on the scalp refers to
density
A condition in which beads or nodes form on the hair shaft is called
monilethrix
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes the immune system to
Break Down
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen form the basis of
amino acids
What helps prevent the hair and skin from becoming too dry?
sebum
Bacteria that are harmless and can even be beneficial are called
Nonpathogenic
Key information on a specific product regarding ingredients, associated hazards, combustion levels and storage requirements is provided by
SDS
Chemical burns should be treated by
rinsing away all traces of chemicals.
Matter with definite weight and volume but no definite shape is called
a liquid
A solution that has more positive hydrogen ions than negative hydroxide ions is
acidic
Mixtures of two or more kinds of molecules, having a tendency to separate when left standing, are known as
suspensions
Hair grows from a tube-like “pocket” called a root sheath or a
follicle
The ability of the hair to absorb moisture, liquids or chemicals is known as
porosity
A disorder that refers to a chronic scalp condition with excessive flaking, which accumulates on the scalp or falls to the shoulders, is known as dandruff or
pityriasis
Organisms that live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism are known as
External Parasites
What makes up the primary composition of hair?
Keratin
What is formed when sebum produced by the oil glands mixes with the body’s perspiration?
acid mantle
A communicable disease refers to a disease that is
spread from one person to another
An approved EPA-registered disinfectant is effective on what type of surface
nonporous
Which step should be taken FIRST when it is believed a person may be choking?
determine if the victim can speak or cough
Oxygen and Hydrogen combining to form water is an example of a physical or chemical change?
Chemical
When a solution has an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions, the solution is considered
neutral
Used to remove oil from the hair
Surfactant
The follicle in straight hair is typically what shape?
round
_______ refers to the ability of hair to stretch and return to its original shape without breaking
elasticity
A disorder that refers to thick, crusty patches of red irritated scalp is known as
psoriasis
Disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the blood or body fluids are known as
Bloodborne pathogens
Which bond is the backbone of all protein molecules?
peptides
The muscle that causes the hair to stand on end when a person is scared or cold is known as the
arrector pili
Rod-shaped bacterial cells are known as
Bacilli
After removing all hair from a brush during, what is the next step in the disinfection procedure?
wash brush with soap and water
If the skin is not broken following a heat or electrical burn, what action is recommended to treat the burn area?
immerse in cool water
Basic substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances are called
Elements
On the pH scale, numbers less than 7 indicate an
acidic solution
The ability of hair to absorb moisture, liquids or chemicals refers to the hair’s
porosity
The hair follicle that produces tightly curled hair is typically what shape?
elliptical
Small cracks starting in the cuticle and splitting the hair entirely are known as brittle hair, fragilitis crinium or
trichoptilosis
An infestation of head lice on the scalp is called
pediculosis capitis
when the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body is called a
General Infection
When amino acids combine to form the protein of the hair they take on what shape/configuration?
spiral
Which of the following terms is known as the active growing stage of hair?
Anagen stage
What bacteria, when viewed through a microscope, would appear to be spiraled, coiled, corkscrew-shaped bacterial cells
Sparilla
What should you do with a porous item such as a neck strip, sponge or emery board once it has been used on a client?
discard it.
What step should be taken if a person has fainted?
apply a cold compress
Atoms that are the same form an
element
On the pH scale, numbers greater than 7 indicate an
alkaline solution
How far can healthy hair be stretched without breaking when wet?
50%
Located at the bottom of the follicle and supplying nourishment to the germinal matrix is the
papilla
Lumps or swelling along the hair shaft is known as trichorrhexis nodosa or
knotted hair
What scalp disease might be present if prior to a service several dry, yellow, encrusted areas on the scalp are noticed along with a peculiar odor?
tinea favosa
What type of immunity is provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system?
Passive Immunity
What is the side bond that is of the greatest concern to the salon professional?
Disulfide bond
Catagen, a brief transitional stage, lasts for what amount of time?
only a few weeks
Pus-forming bacterial cells that form grapelike bunches or clusters and are present in abscesses are called
Staphylococci
Any tools or supplies that come in contact with the client during a service must be discarded or
Disinfected
In the case of a chemical injury to the eye, what step is recommended first?
flush eyeball with lukewarm water for 15 to 30 minutes
Neutrons have which type of electrical charge
none
What is the pH range of hair, skin and nails?
4.5-5.5 (pH balanced)
If a product label lists the following ingredients: “water, cetyl alcohol, tocopherol and panthenol,” which ingredient would be found to have the largest amount?
Water
The outer covering of the hair shaft made up of overlapping layers of transparent scales is called the
cuticle
The loss of pigment in the hair as a person ages is called
canities
Short, fine, non-pigmented hair found more abundantly on women is known as
vellus
During which stage of growth do bacteria reproduce and grow rapidly
Active Stage
Human hair is formed by bonding of protein chains to what?
other protein chains
The resting stage of hair growth when the hair bulb has no attached root sheath is referred to as the
telogen stage
Bacterial cells that grow in pairs and are the cause of certain infections, such as pneumonia, are known as
Diplococci
Destroying or killing all microbes is
sterilization
If a victim appears to be having an allergic reaction, where could you locate information about product usage?
SDS
Atoms that are different form a
compound
A pH of 5 is how many more times acidic than a pH of 6
10
The term that means liquids that are not able to be mixed
immiscible
The layer of hair consisting of unique protein structures that give the hair most of its pigment and strength (elasticity) is called the
cortex
Excessive matting of the hair is referred to as
plica polonica
What is the average amount of daily hair loss?
40-100 strands per day
Two stages of bacteria growth cycle are active and ___________
Inactive
You...
Matter
Gray hair is caused by reduced color pigment, melanin, in what layer of the hair?
Cortex