Layers of the
Earth
Earth
Rocks &
The Rock Cycle
The Rock Cycle
Mineral
Properties
Properties
Geologic
Time
Time
Weathering & Erosion
100
Earth's innermost layer, made of solid iron and nickel.
What is the inner core?
100
Rock formed when magma or lava cools and solidifies.
What is an igneous rock?
100
Way light reflects from a mineral surface, such as metallic or nonmetallic.
What is luster?
100
Preserved remains, impression, or trace of past life.
What is a fossil?
100
Tiny grains of sand, gravel, or dust broken down from bigger rocks through weathering.
What is sediment?
200
Earth's solid outer surface layer.
What is the crust?
200
Rock formed from the compaction and cementation of deposited sediment, often in layers.
What is a sedimentary rock?
200
Observable chemical reaction, often fizzing, when some minerals contact dilute acid.
What is an acid test/reaction?
200
A timeline, or system, that scientists use to divide Earth's 4.6-billion-year history.
What is the geologic time scale?
200
Transport of weathered material by water, wind, ice, or gravity.
What is erosion?
300
Earth's thickest layer, made of semi-molten rock.
What is the mantle?
300
Rock changed by heat, pressure, and fluids without completely melting.
What is a metamorphic rock?
300
Resistance to scratching, commonly compared with the Mohs scale.
What is hardness?
300
In an undisturbed sequence, older sedimentary layers lie below younger layers.
What is the law of superposition?
300
Settling and accumulation of transported sediment.
What is deposition?
400
Layer made of liquid iron and nickel.
What is the outer core?
400
Molten or partly molten rock beneath Earth’s surface.
What is magma?
400
Color of a mineral’s powder on an unglazed porcelain plate.
What is streak?
400
The largest major division of geologic time.
What is an eon?
400
The breaking down of rocks caused by wind, water, ice, plants, gravity, and changes in temperature.
What is weathering?
500
Waves scientists study to learn about Earth's layers.
What are seismic waves?
500
Network of processes that can transform any rock type into another over time.
What is the rock cycle?
500
Tendency of a mineral to break along flat planes of weak bonding.
What is a cleavage?
500
A gap in the rock record, representing a period of erosion or non-deposition, which breaks the continuous sequence of rock layers.
What is unconformity?
500
Bonus: This national park was created from years of weathering and erosion from the Colorado River that runs through it.
What is the Grand Canyon?