livelihood basics
what is livelihood?
This term refers to paid and unpaid activities that sustain individuals and communities long term.
What precent of sub-saharan africans lived in rural communities?
62%
what are dry-season activities?
when droughts hit, people often expand these seasonal activities first.
what is a gift exchange economy?
this type of economy involves giving goods now for later reciprocal return.
what are livelihood options?
cities attract migrants because they offer more of these opportunities
what are productive and reproductive activities?
these two types of activities include work like farming and maintaining family/community relationships.
what is diversification?
farmers plant multiple crops to reduce risk
what is cassava?
what are relationships and status?
gift giving helps build these two things
what are informal or unplanned settlements?
these neighborhoods often lack utilities like water and electricity
what are ethnicity, gender, class, and religion?
these identity factors shape how actions like going to market are experienced.
name one non-farming activity rural households might do for income?
basket-making, trading, gathering firewood, crafts
what is migrate to towns?
during famine, poorer households without cattle often did this earlier than usual
what is debt to the giver?
receiving a gift may create this obligation
what is informal sector work
this type of work lacks legal protections and regulation
what is livelihood strategy diversification?
researchers study this because people often mix many activities rather than relying on one job.
what is migration for work?
In Niger, households supplemented farming by doing this seasonal activity abroad.
what is famine?
colonial policies restricting movement or trade could turn drought into this.
what are savings/assets?
household goods given at marriage could act as this financial resource
what is low-level formal/civil service/factory work?
informal work may sometimes pay better than this type of employment.
what is the livelihood approach?
this concept emphasizes agency and multifaceted identity when analyzing success and expectations.
what are land and capital?
age affected work because older adults had more access to these two resources.
what is annual work cycle?
migration of family members to fertile areas each year us part of the cycle
what is pressure on resources or inability to reciprocate?
one risk of exchange networks is this financial difficulty
what are remittances?
sending money back home through global networks.