Three Attacks
The 1984 attack involved contaminating people in order to influence this state's local election.
What is Oregon?
The 2001 letters were sent to two specific groups: news media offices and people belonging to this group.
What is the U.S. Senate?
Forensic epidemiology is the bridge between Public Health and this other sector.
What is Law Enforcement?
This "Red Flag" occurs when a massive number of cases happen in a very short, sudden window of time.
What is Temporal Clustering or a Point Source spike?
When an epidemic spreads across multiple countries or continents and affects a large number of people, it is upgraded to this status.
What is a Pandemic?
This Japanese physician intentionally infected over 120 people with Typhoid and Dysentery by contaminating their food.
Who is Dr. Mitsuru Suzuki?
While 17 people were infected and survived the attacks, this many people died.
What is five?
While standard epidemiology asks "How did it spread?", forensic epidemiology asks this question.
What is "Was it intentional?" or "Who is responsible?"
Investigators found a lab containing Salmonella at this specific location, proving the Rajneeshee attack was a crime.
What is the cult’s compound?
This 1918 pandemic, which killed an estimated 50 million people, is often used by epidemiologists as the baseline for how a respiratory virus spreads naturally across the globe.
What is the Spanish Flu?
This was the specific "vehicle" the Rajneeshees used to deliver Salmonella.
What are salad bars?
This is the specific laboratory lineage of anthrax found in the 2001 letters.
What is the Ames strain?
Forensic epidemiology is uniquely important because it must distinguish between a "work of nature" and this.
What is an intentional act?
Forensic epidemiology helps companies this with identifying a suspect as evidence of a crime.
What is forensic clue or proving an intentional outbreak?
This is the name for a cluster of cases that are linked in time and place, but haven't yet been officially declared an "epidemic."
What is an outbreak?
This was the primary clue that linked Dr. Suzuki to the outbreaks: the illnesses literally followed ___
What is his physical location or his "epidemiological footprint"?
Forensic investigators traced the 2001 anthrax back to this specific U.S. Army research institute.
What is USAMRIID?
In the Rajneeshee and Japanese scientist cases, the purpose of forensic epidemiology shifted from "medical observation" to this, the process of documenting a chain of evidence to link a suspect to a pathogen.
What is Forensic Investigation?
This "Red Flag" involves a tropical disease appearing in a cold climate where it shouldn't exist.
What is Environmental Incongruity?
In 1854, John Snow famously used epidemiology to solve this outbreak in London by tracking a water pump.
What is cholera?
The FBI's "Amerithrax" investigation eventually focused on this scientist as the primary suspect in the 2001 anthrax mailings
Who is Bruce Ivins?
This is the scientific name of the bacterium used in the 2001 attacks.
What is Bacillus anthracis?
Forensic epidemiology serves as a deterrent primarily by doing this: exposing an attacker who hopes a disease will be mistaken for a natural occurrence.
What is proving intent?
In the Japanese scientist investigation, this red flag was triggered because the outbreaks involved multiple unrelated pathogens (Typhoid and Dysentery) appearing in the same victim group.
What is a poly-microbial outbreak?
The COVID-19 virus can survive in the human body for this many days after death (+ or - 1 day).
What is 17 days?