Absolutism
what is divine right?
this belief said monarchs got their authority directly from God
What is the Scientific Revolution?
Movement that challenged traditional beliefs using observation and experimentation
What is Enlightenment thinking?
Enlightenment belief that reason could help society and government
What is the storming of the Bastille?
Event symbolizing the fight against royal tyranny in France.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte
French leader who rose to power after the Revolution
who is Louis XIV?
french king who famously said "I am the state"
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
Scientist who proposed the heliocentric model
Who is John Locke?
Philosopher who strongly believed in natural rights like life, liberty, and property
Who are the peasants (Third Estate)?
Social group that faced heavy taxation and inequality.
What is the Napoleonic Code?
Law system he created that promoted equality and fair taxation.
What is Spain?
this European country struggled with bankruptcy in the 1600s, which weakened its power
Who is Galileo Galilei?
Scientist who supported heliocentrism using a telescope
Who is Voltaire?
Philosopher who strongly defended freedom of speech and religion
Who is Louis XVI?
Execution of this king symbolized the fall of absolutism in France.
What is the Battle of Austerlitz?
Battle where Napoleon achieved a major victory over Austria and Russia.
What are enlightened despots?
rulers who adopted Enlightenment ideas but kept all power were called this
What is the geocentric model?
Church supported model that put Earth at the center of the universe
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
Philosopher who described government as a social contract
What is the Reign of Terror?
Period of mass executions led by Robespierre.
What is the Battle of Trafalgar?
Naval battle where Napoleon suffered a major defeat.
What are costly wars?
Absolutist rulers often fought these to gain power and prestige, this drained their treasuries
What is reason?
This way of thinking weakened blind faith and wanted people to question authority
What is the Encyclopedia?
This massive work edited by Diderot challenged Church authority
What is the guillotine?
Device used for executions during the Revolution.
What is the Battle of Waterloo?
Final battle that ended Napoleon’s rule.