Terms
This is catastrophism.
What is the idea, proposed by Georges Cuvier, that catastrophes, such as floods, diseases, and droughts, periodically destroy species living in particular regions, allowing species from neighbouring regions to repopulate the area?
This person developed the theory of evolution by natural selection. (Bonus: This person did not use the word evolution for this reason)
Who is Charles Darwin?
Bonus: What is the belief that natural selection does not demonstate progress as each generation is not necessarily improving?
The first person to publicly challenge the idea that life forms were unchanging, and to propose that humans and apes might have a common ancestor.
Who is Georges-Louis-Leclerc?
This is embryology.
What is the study of early, pre-birth stages of an organism's development?
This is stratum. (Bonus: Do deeper or shallower rocks contain species most dissimilar to modern species)
What are different layers of rock deposits?
Bonus: What is deeper?
This is gradualism. (Bonus: Provide an example)
What is the idea that changes on Earth occured by small steps over long periods of time?
Bonus: What is canyons?
This British naturalist came to the same conclusions as Darwin around the same time while exploring South America, and the Malay archipelago.
Who is Alfred Wallace?
This person developed the science of paleontology, and connected it to the evolution of species.
Who is Georges Cuvier?
These are analogous structures? (Bonus: These are homologous structures)
What are structures of organisms that do not have a common evolutionary origin but perform similar functions?
Bonus: What are structures that have similar structural elements and orgin but have a different function?
These are fossils that show intermediate links between groups of organisms and share common characteristics to two seperate groups. (Bonus: This is a famous example of this type of fossil)
What are transitional fossils?
Bonus: What is an Archaeopteryx?
This is uniformitarianism.
What is the idea that states that geological processes, such as the erosion or formation of mountains, operated at the same rate in the past as they do today?
This is the ship Charles Darwin used on his voyage. (Bonus: His ship set sail in this year)
What is the HMS Beagle?
Bonus: What is 1831?
The first scientists to carry out empirical studies of the natural world. (Bonus: Double points for naming both)
Who are John Ray and Carolus Linnaeus?
This is the study of the past and present geographical distribution of species and populations.
The earliest theories on the origin of life were strongly influenced by these two concepts?
This is paleontology.
What is the study of ancient life through the examination of fossils?
This person suggested that the Earth was much older than 6000 years.
Who is Georges-Louis Leclerc?
This person proposed the idea of uniformitarianism.
Who is Charles Lyell?
These are vestigial organs.
What are remnants of structures that served important functions in the organism's ancestors?
These points summarize the main ideas in Darwin's book The Origin of Species: By Means of Natural Selection.
What are the following points?:
- Organisms produce more offsprings than can survive, because organisms compete for limited resources
- Individuals of a population vary extensively, and most of it is heritable
- Individuals that are better suited to local conditions survive to produce more offsprings
- Processes for change are slow and gradual
This is the date that the The Origin of Species: By Means of Natural Selection was published.
When is 1850?
This person outlined their ideas about characteristics being passed on to offspings, that body parts not in use would eventually disappear, and that characteristics aquired during an organism's lifetime can be passed on to its offsprings.
Who is Jean-Baptiste Lamarck?
This person assumed that human populations would contiuned to grow exponentially if there were no limits to resources, and that food production would grow arithmetically.
Who is Thomas Malthus?
These are the five main sources of evidence. (100 points per correct answer)
What are Fossil Evidence, Biogeography, Anatomy, Embyology, and DNA?
These five points consist of Darwin's main observations from his expedition to the Galapagos Islands.
What are the following point?:
- Plants and animals from different regions were distinct from those Darwin studied
- Observed fossils of extinct animals that looked similar to living animals
- Finches on the Galapagos Islands were very similar to animals Darwin observed on the coast of South America
- Galapagos species, including finches and tortoises, appeared similar, but had slight variations between islands
- Darwin knew it was possible to pass on traits from parent to offspring due to having breed pigeons, and studying dogs and flowers