The Early Middle Ages
What was the name of the battle where Frankish warriors defeated a Muslim army from Spain?
The Battle of Tours
How did mendicants survive?
by begging for donations from the community
Which group made up the majority of the medieval European population?
peasants
Which word means, "a group of people who have a common interest like practicing the same crafts"?
guild (or craft guild)
What is the name of the Christian figure who established the set of rules that governed life in many monasteries and convents throughout medieval Europe?
St. Benedict
Which Germanic tribe defeated the last Roman army in Western Europe?
the Franks
What were mystery plays based on?
Bible stories
Why were manors considered to be self-sufficient in Europe’s feudal society?
Manors produced most of what they needed.
Which word means, "to leave fields unplanted"?
fallow
What is the name of the founder of one of the best known mendicant groups who also believed all nature was a reflection of God?
Francis of Assisi (or St. Francis)
Which 3 strategies did Charlemagne use to unite his kingdom?
military victories
spreading Christianity
supporting education
Where did the first medieval universities develop?
in schools attached to cathedrals
Which 3 technological advances helped increase food supply?
the iron plow
improved harnesses for horses
increasing use of horseshoes
Which word means "the group of people who are trained and ordained for religious services"?
clergy
What is the name of one of the greatest medieval scholars and a professor at the Paris university who helped pave the way for Martin Luther and others?
Thomas Aquinas
Why was 800-1000 AD considered a violent time in Western Europe?
invaders threatened Western Europe from all sides
How were craft guilds financed
AND
What was the main benefit for people being part of guilds?
members paid fees
AND
it gave craftworkers financial protection
What are 2 ways feudalism brought order to Europe?
It created a strict system of social ranks.
It provided defense (protection) against foreign invaders.
Which word means, "sacred rites of the Christian Church, such as baptism and communion"?
sacraments
What is the name of the Frankish leader who defeated the last Roman army in Western Europe and took over several Germanic kingdoms?
Clovis I
What was the name of the treaty put in place to split Charlemagne’s kingdom?
AND
Why was the treaty put into effect?
Treaty of Verdun
to divide Charlemagne’s empire into three parts among his grandsons
How had the role of monasteries changed by the 1200s?
They had become centers of agriculture, and many were located in towns.
What is a fief and describe the relationship between a lord and vassal?
an estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and military service.
Which word means, "a group founded to fight heresy and to preach to ordinary people"?
What is the name of the pope who sought protection from Charlemagne and then crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans?
Pope Leo III