Subatomic Particles
What are the three main types of subatomic particles?
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
What is an Ion?
An ion is a charged atom or molecule.
What are electron shells?
Electron shells are regions around the nucleus where electrons are found.
What is an element?
An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom.
What is a molecule?
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms bonded together.
Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
Protons
What type of ion has more electrons than protons?
Anion (negative charge)
How many electrons can the first electron shell hold?
2 electrons
How many elements are known currently?
118 elements
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
An element consists of one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more different types of atoms.
Neutrons
What is the charge of a sodium atom when it loses one electron?
+1 (Na+)
8 electrons
What is the chemical symbol for gold?
Au
What is the chemical formula for water?
The chemical formula for water is H2O.
Which particle determines the identity of a compound?
Proton
How do you form a negative ion from a neutral atom?
By gaining one or more electrons.
What happens to energy levels as you move away from the nucleus?
Energy levels increase as you move away from the nucleus, meaning that electrons have more energy.
What is the atomic number for carbon?
6
What type of bond forms between atoms when they share electrons?
Covalent bonds
What is the relative mass of a proton compared to an electron?
A proton is 1836 times more massive than an electron.
What is the difference between a cation and an anion?
A cation is positive (loses an electron) and an anion is negative (gains an electron)
Count the number of electrons in the outermost shell (valence shell).
How are the elements arranged on the periodic table?
They are arranged by increasing atomic number and grouped by similar properties.
Give an example of a compound that is made of two or more different elements.
Glucose (C6H12O6) or sodium chloride aka table salt (NaCl) or water (H2O)