Ch.3 A
_____________ are compounds made of long, repeating chains called nucleotides
Nucleic acids
What is DNA usually referred as?
The blueprint for life
What are lipids? give me examples.
lipids are energy-rich compounds made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Lipids include fats, oils, and waxes. Some examples of lipids include eggs, butter, peanut butter, & cheese.
The ingredients for life are simple. Your body is made mostly of three elements called?
The ingredients for life are simple. Your body is made mostly of three elements: carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
Each nucleotide contains what three things?
Each nucleotide contains a sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule, and a base molecule.
Many animal parts like hair, fingernails, muscle, and skin, contain what?
Protein!
Why does water support life?
Water is a good solvent
Water exists as a liquid at a large range of temperatures
Water has a high specific heat
___________ is the smallest particle of an element that keeps the chemical identity of the element.
an atom is the smallest particle of an element that keeps the chemical identity of the element.
Why is too much cholesterol bad for you?
Too much cholesterol in some people’s diet may cause fat deposits on their blood vessels. This may lead to coronary artery disease.
__________ is a type of protein that cells use to speed up chemical reactions.
Enzymes
Two hydrogen molecules combine with one oxygen molecule to make two water molecules.
What are the reactants?
Hydrogen and oxygen
A _____ is a substance that contains two or more different elements that are chemically joined.
A compound is a substance that contains two or more different elements that are chemically joined.
Carbohydrates are classified as _____ and ___________
Carbohydrates are classified as sugars and starches!
Sugars are smaller molecules. Glucose is a simple sugar made of 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen atoms. The sugar you use to sweeten food is called sucrose. A sucrose molecule is made from two glucose molecules.
Protein molecules are made of smaller molecules called what?
Protein molecules are made of smaller molecules called amino acids.
Your cells combine different amino acids in various ways to make different proteins. There are 20 amino acids used by cells to make proteins!
Two hydrogen molecules combine with one oxygen molecule to make two water molecules.
What are the Products?
Water and energy
A _______ is a group of two or more atoms joined together chemically.
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms joined together chemically.
______________is a process that rearranges the atoms of one or more substances into one or more new substances
chemical reaction is a process that rearranges the atoms of one or more substances into one or more new substances
How many amino acids are there? What can we do with them?
Your cells combine different amino acids in various ways to make different proteins. There are 20 amino acids used by cells to make proteins. You can compare amino acids to letters in the alphabet. Just as you can spell thousands of words with just 26 letters, you can make thousands of different proteins from just 20 amino acids!
Like you, the atmosphere is also made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. But why is the atmosphere not alive?
The key to life is how these elements are put together. In the atmosphere, they are in the form of simple compounds like carbon dioxide and water. In living things, elements are found in very complex molecules that work together in cells. There are also simple compounds, like water, in living systems
Starch molecules are very large. They consist of many sugar molecules combined. Plant cells store energy as starch. Many foods that contain starch come from plants. Give me an example of foods that have a lot of starch and how our body break it down.
These include rice, potatoes, corn, and wheat.
Saliva has enzymes help break down the foods you eat into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by your cells.